Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Chief
D.M. – Alfred Pearson
Ambassador
– Miroslava Hernandez
Ambassador
– John Williams
Govt. type: Federal Republic
Capital City:
Islamabad
Population: 141,553,775
Area: 499,547 Square Miles
Currency: Pak Rupee
GNP: $239 Billion
Per capita income: $460 (USA)
Independence: 08.14.1947
(From United
Kingdom)
National Flower: Jasmine
Literacy rate: 38.9%
Ethnic composition: 95% Muslims, 5% others
Languages: Urdu (National)
English (Official)
National holiday - Pakistan Day,
March 23 (1956) (proclamation
of the republic)
Flag description - Green with a
vertical white bar on end, symbolizing religious minorities; A large white
crescent with star are centered in the green area, the crescent, star, and
color green are traditional symbols of Islam.
Constitution - April 10, 1973,
though suspended July 5, 1977 and restored with amendments on December
30, 1985; suspended again on October 15, 1999 because of military takeover.
Pakistan’s
major foreign policy objectives are focusing on settling disputes and
making friends abroad The latest testing of nuclear weapons created more
hostility between Pakistan and India, in addition to the conflict over the
Kashmir territory. It is extremely important for Pakistan to eliminate its image
as a terrorist nation. The strengthening of the ties that Pakistan already has
with China is also one of Pakistan’s foreign policy goals. This is important
for the unity and security of the people of Pakistan, and for the growth of
Pakistan as a strong nation with better economy and with a better place in
global affairs, including economic and political affairs.
The
domestic problems of Pakistan are
the chronic economic and social problems. The Pakistanis have been facing rapid
growth of ethnic and religious radicalism, separatism and terrorism. These
issues could have the gravest consequences for the stability of Pakistan, and
they directly interfere with the country’s foreign policy goals.
Last
summer’s limited war in the mountains of Kashmir and Pakistan’s military coup
in October badly damaged the Pakistan-India relations.
These
issues affect Pakistan’s foreign policy goals, as much as it affects Pakistan’s
internal affairs. For those reasons, the aim of public policy is to strengthen
national security and to work for the glory of Islam through uniting the
Islamic world.
The Nuclear
Weapon Conflict
Background:
Fast Facts
1974 India explodes
a nuclear device and becomes the sixth nation in the world with nuclear power.
May 11, 1998 India again
tests nuclear weapons and is criticized by leaders of other nations around the
world.
May 28, 1998 In response,
Pakistan detonates three nuclear devices in a remote western region of the
country.
Zulfiqar
Ali Bbhutto was the founder of Pakistan’s Nuclear Program, initially as
Minister for Fuel, Power and Natural Resources, and later as President and
Prime Minister. Pakistan
‘s
nuclear program was launched in earnest shortly after the loss of East Pakistan
in the 1971 war with India, when Bhutto initiated a program to develop nuclear
weapons with a meeting of physicists and engineers at Multan in January
1972. In 1974 India successfully tested
a nuclear “device.” Bhutto reacted
strongly to this test and said Pakistan must develop its own “Islamic
bomb.” A major advance jump to
Pakistan’s nuclear program was the arrival of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in 1975,
who brought with him the plans for uranium enrichment centrifuges, and lists of
sources of the necessary technology. On
this basis, Pakistan initially focused its development efforts on highly
enriched uranium (HEU), and exploited an extensive clandestine procurement
network to support these efforts. A.Q.
Khan evidently persuaded Pakistan to work with Uranium (as compared to
Plutonium) because Plutonium involves more arduous and hazardous procedures and
cumbersome and expensive processes.
Pakistan’s activities were initially centered in a few facilities. A.Q. Khan founded the Engineering Research
Laboratories al Kahuta in 1976, which later to become the Dr. A q. Khan
Research Laboratories (KRL). Pakistan’s dependence on China grew as Western
export controls and enforcement mechanisms have grown more stringent. China’s nuclear assistance predates the 1986
Sino-Pakistani atomic cooperation agreement, with some of the most critical
transfers occurring from 1980 through 1985.
China is reported to have provided Pakistan with the design of one of
its warheads, as well as sufficient HEU for a few weapons. As of the mid- 1990s it was widely reported
that Pakistan’s stockpile consisted of as many as 10 nuclear warheads based on
a Chinese design.In May 28, 1998, Pakistan detonated five simultaneous nuclear
tests of boosted devices made with highly enriched uranium (HEU), which Samar
Mobarik Mand, head of the nuclear test program, claimed produced a total yield
in the range of 40 to 45 kilotons. India disputes this, contending that the
total yield of the Pakistani tests was in the range of 10-15 kilotons. Pakistan
conducted an additional nuclear test on May 30. Mand claimed the yield was in
the range of 15-18 kilotons.
China
provided Pakistan almost the entire nuclear program. China even supplied a
tested nuclear bomb design to Pakistan in the early 80s, probably the same
design tested by Pakistan.
Pakistan
developed uranium enrichment capability on the pretense that uranium would be
used to fuel its civilian reactors, which operate on natural, unenriched
uranium.
When
asked why nuclear weapons are so popular in Pakistan, Prime Minister Benazir
Bhutto answered, It’s our history. A
history of 3 wars with a larger neighbor.
India is five times larger than
we are, their military strength is five times larger. In 1971, our country was disintegrated. So the security issue for Pakistan is an issue of survival.”
India
and Pakistan both stated that the goal should be the achievement of a nuclear
weapons convention.
Mr.
Muhammad Siddique Khan Kanju, Minister
for Foreign Affairs of Pakistan stated, “ Nuclear weapons must be banned and
eliminated just as chemical and biological weapons have been prohibited…As a
first step the adoption of a universal and legally binding multilateral
agreement committing all states to the objective of the complete elimination of
nuclear weapons.”
Enemies
The
friction between Pakistan and India dates back more than 5 decades when Great
Britain carved the Muslim state of Pakistan out of Indian territory. This
partition caused religious and territorial issues that have been basis of the
conflict. I
Alliances
One
country that in the recent past has gained somewhat of an alliance with
Pakistan is The People’s Republic of China where both countries have agreed on
shared weapons development. China has long been a steady weapons importer to
Pakistan which is why this agreement exists, and probably explains the reason
why Pakistan is able to have Nuclear Weapon research and development
capabilities. With the threat of regional Nuclear missiles an a decent third
world Navy and over 500,000 men in the Army, Pakistan is a formidable opponent
to anyone especially those in the Persian Gulf Theater.
Pakistan’s role in
how they are affected by the five
domestic variables is somewhat cloudy due to a military takeover on October
15, 1999 and instability will be the trend for sometime to come. However,
looking at the five variables Governmental and Societal variables can go either
way in importance as rapidly changing events and government rules are changing
by the day, as shown by the suspension of the constitution The systemic
variable in Pakistan is very important right now as some type of stability is
trying to be reached by the new ruler of the country, though his behavior to
disrupt the elected government shows a clear sense of instability. but the role
is not an unimportant characteristic aspect of Pakistan as the elected leader
is still looked at as the leader though only for ceremonial events, though
decisions are made by the Chief Executive (Military Leader who took over the
country).Pakistan’s foreign policy objectives are primarily to bring a more
positive view of Pakistan as a respectful country in order to help its
declining economic picture. But with nuclear weapons and illegal drug
production, Pakistan doesn’t provide the image or trust to create foreign
allies as easily as one without such issues even more so now with the
disruption of elected officials and the turmoil of the takeover. Pakistan
imports more than they export which is not a good sign of a strong nation, as
external debt and internal problems (evident of the military takeover last
year) have created a declining economic situation. Pakistan buys machinery, oil
products, transportation equipment, and foodstuffs from a wide variety of
sources throughout the world. One country that in the recent past has gained
somewhat of an alliance with Pakistan is The People’s Republic of China where
both countries have agreed on shared weapons development. China has long been a
steady weapons importer to Pakistan which is why this agreement exists, and
probably explains the reason why Pakistan is able to have Nuclear Weapon
research and development capabilities. With the threat of regional Nuclear
missiles plus a viable third world Navy and over 500,000 men in the Army,
Pakistan is a formidable opponent to anyone.
Pakistan’s role in how they are
affected by the five domestic variables is somewhat cloudy due to a military
takeover on October 15, 1999 and instability will be the trend for sometime to
come. Governmental and Societal variables can go either way in importance as
rapidly changing events and government rules are changing by the day, as shown
by the suspension of the constitution. The systemic variable in Pakistan is
very important right now as some type of stability is trying to be reached by
the new ruler of the country, though his idiosyncratic behavior to disrupt the
elected government shows a clear sense of instability. but the role is not an
unimportant Image that Pakistan disregards as the elected leader is still used
as the leader for ceremonial events, though decisions are made by the new Chief
Executive.
Pakistan is a nation that in resent years is becoming a plural, multi-ethnic, multi-lingual society. The center of this society is still found in its Islamic roots, which affect both the government as well as the overall stability of its people. In fact, Pakistan is one of the only nations in the twentieth century that was created by the demand of a religious community for a political entity where the religion would be dominant. Pakistan’s ideologies and its national pride are based strongly on the Islamic faith of its people.
Pakistan’s ideologies are focused
primarily on the preservation of Islamic traditions and teachings. Ideology defined is a system of beliefs that
explains and justifies a preferred sociopolitical order and that may offer a
strategy for attainment of it.
Pakistan’s prime goal is safety.
The nation, although relatively young, has had trouble with neighboring
countries in the past and present.
Pakistan’s continuing battle with the nation of India over the province
of Kashmir has led to the raising of Pakistan’s military spending which now
includes nuclear capabilities. India as
well has developed a nuclear arsenal and the two countries have become
dangerous enemies. Pakistan
sociopolitical order is the Federal Islamic republic, which is based on the
belief that that Islamic rule has the potential to solve the problems affecting
the regime. Pakistan becoming a nuclear
power is primarily rooted in the idea of extreme protection. They feel with a second strike capability the
nations threatening Pakistan would fear attaching or invading their
borders. Pakistan’s problems don’t just
deal with outside threats. The country
has had internal violence as well. The
violence, which has reached immense proportions, is tearing apart the
country. For Pakistan to implement its
ideologies it must create a strategy to ease the tension on it’s own soil. Constant conflicts concerning the Islamic
faith are the key problems. Due to the
volatile atmosphere surrounding Pakistan it is hard for the country to broaden
its views, the government feels that that they must focus on stability. With an ideology of protection Pakistan has
had trouble advancing in other areas as well.
They are not able to improve education or living situations for their
people as much as they would be able to if the military did not receive such
high priority. If Pakistan was able to
negotiate a cease fire with India the government could then begin to piece
together the problems that effect the one hundred and twenty six million people
that make up it’s population. The
future ideology of Pakistan must have a peaceful intent in mind for the country
to survive.
As with their ideologies Pakistan’s
nationalism is founded in their strong religious beliefs. The definition of nationalism is the desire
by people with a sense of self-identity as a nation to control their own
affairs and possibly exclude others from them.
The self-identity of Pakistan is found in the Muslim religion. A trend of born again Muslims is sweeping
the country. In the past the Muslims
were feared and persecuted, they were unable to express themselves and had to
keep their faith silent. Today Muslims
are able to embrace their religion and share it with others. The has led to a sense of unity among
Muslims. The Muslim religion is focused
on Islamic norms, precepts, values, and rituals that dominate the culture. Muslims are beginning to see their religion
on a personnel level now where in the past the political level dominated. The people of Pakistan are turning to their
history as they feel the need to preserve their religious heritage. This also leads to Pakistan’s problems with
India. Kashmir has a strong Muslim population,
which wants to be united with Pakistan.
Pakistan with strong loyalty wants the same. The Muslims in Kashmir feel a strong national pride in Islam and
want to be able to express that feeling with other Muslims. This continuing problem is one of many
concerning religion. The Islamic
religion has factions fighting within. The liberal minded Muslims have conflicts with the fundamentalists
over interpretation as well as religious practices. These conflicts have led to organized violence or “Islamic
militancy” which has grown due to the international and domestic opposition. This violence has hurt Pakistan’s economy as
well. In 1994, Pakistan’s largest city,
Karachi, reportedly lost one billion dollars worth of foreign direct investment
due to social turbulence. For Pakistan
to advance socially and politically some form of control must be had. Religion does play a strong role in the
identity of the nation, however Pakistan’s people would not prefer the country
to become a theocratic state. Pakistan
is rich with history and culture. The
people of Pakistan are very proud of their ancestors and a new sense of
preservation of this history is becoming a major national priority. With Islamic, Post Islamic, and pre-Islamic
periods no other country in the world can compare with Pakistan’s historic
treasures and artifacts. The conservation,
preservation and publication of Pakistan’s national heritage is being spread
throughout the world.
Pakistan is rich with history and
turmoil. Their ideologies and national
pride are two important issues facing Pakistan’s government. The Muslim population of Pakistan is also
the backbone of these issues. If
Pakistan is to make any progress they must bring their people together, not
tear them apart.
Government
Following a military takeover on October 12, 1999, Chief of Army Staff and Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Pervez Musharraf suspended
Pakistan's constitution and assumed the additional title of Chief Executive;
exercising the powers of the head of the government, he appointed an
eight-member National Security Council to function as Pakistan's supreme
governing body; President Mohammad Rafiq tarar remains the ceremonial chief of
state
Status
of Kashmir with India; Water sharing problems with India over the Indus River.
Producer
of illegal opium and hashish; Major transit area for Southwest Asian heroin
traveling to Western Hemisphere; Narcotics still move from Afghanistan into
Balochistan Province.
International
agreements
party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Geography
Location - Southern
Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and
Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Geographic
coordinates
- 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Area
Total: 803,940 sq km
Land: 778,720 sq km
Water: 25,220 sq km
Land
boundaries
Total - 6,774 km
Border countries - Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909
km
Coastline - 1,046 km
Maritime
claims
Contiguous zone - 24 nm
Continental shelf - 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Exclusive economic zone - 200 nm
Territorial sea - 12 nm
Climate - Hot and dry
desert conditions exist in the “Thar Desert” along the border with India. The
northwest is mostly temperate with arctic temperatures in the northern
mountains.
Terrain - Flat Indus
plains in the east; mountains in the north and northwest; and Balochistan
plateau in the west.
Elevation
extremes
lowest
point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Natural
resources
- land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal,
iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use
Arable land - 27%
Permanent crops - 1%
Permanent pastures - 6%
Forests and woodland - 5%
Other - 61%
Irrigated land - 171,100 sq
km
Natural
hazards
- High frequency of earthquakes, flooding along the Indus after heavy rains in
July and August.
Environment - Water
pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited
natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have
access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
International agreements
party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
People
Population
-141,553,775 (68% live in rural areas)
Age structure
0-14 years - 41% (male 29,880,574; female 28,145,247)
15-64 years - 55% (male 39,751,222; female 37,981,378)
65 years and over - 4% (male 2,856,305; female 2,939,049)
Population
growth rate - 2.17%
Birth rate - 32.11
births/1,000 population
Death rate - 9.51
deaths/1,000 population
Net migration
rate -
-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
birth
- 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years - 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years - 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over - 0.97 male(s)/female
total population - 1.05 male(s)/female
Infant
mortality rate - 82.49 deaths/1,000 live births
Life
expectancy at birth - 61.07 years
Male: 60.27 years
Female: 61.91 years
Total
fertility rate - 4.56 children born/woman
Nationality -
Pakistani(s)
Ethnic groups - Punjabi
(65% of Population), Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from
India at the time of partition and their descendants)
Literacy – 38.9%
Education - Only 40% of
school age children were enrolled schools.
Languages - Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
English is widely used in the government, including the military, colleges and universities. Pakistan plans to replace English with Urdu in schools and to introduce Arabic for Islamic studies.
Religions - Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%),
Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Transportation
Railways - 5072 Miles
Highways - 153,983 Miles
paved:
141,252 km (including 339 km of expressways)
unpaved: 106,559 km (1998 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil
250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)
Ports and
harbors:
Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Merchant
marine
- 30 Ships
Bulk
freighter - 1
Cargo
- 25
Oil
tanker - 1
Passenger/cargo
- 3
Airports: 118
Paved
runways - 82
Unpaved runways - 36
Helicopter pads - 7
Communications
Telephones - 2.861
million (1 Phone for every 148 People)
Cellular - 158,000
Radio stations - AM 27, FM
1, Shortwave 21
Radios - 13.5
million
Television
stations
- 22
Televisions - 3.1 million
Internet
Service Providers - 26
Economy
Pakistan
is a poor, densely populated country, lacking in foreign investment, and an
intense highly expensive confrontation with India. Pakistan has made
privatization a basis of economic resurgence, but may have difficulty getting
new investors until it receives approval by the World Bank. This has yet to
happen due to the pricing dispute between the government and independent power
producers.
Pakistan
imports more than they export which is not a good sign of a strong nation, as
external debt and internal problems (evident of the military takeover last
year) have created a declining economic situation.
Pakistan
receives economic aid in the range of 20% of their own revenue, though
cautious, continued funding will be questioned as providers of this aid will
want answers to all the internal turmoil that has hijacked the country in
somewhat unknown waters.
Budget:
Revenues - $10 billion
Expenditures - $11.7 billion
GDP -
Purchasing power parity - $282 billion
GDP - Real
growth rate
- 3.1%
GDP - Per
capita
- $2,000
GDP - By
sector
Agriculture
- 25.2%
Industry - 26.6%
Services - 48.2%
Population
below poverty line - 34%
Household
income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10% - 4.1%
Highest 10% - 27.7%
Inflation rate - 6%
Labor force - 38.6
million
extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor
Labor force -
by occupation
Agriculture
44%
Industry
17%
Services
39%
Unemployment
rate
- 7%
Industries - textiles,
food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products,
shrimp
Industrial
production growth rate - 3.8%
Manufacturing
Pakistan's
largest industry is cotton textile and apparel.
Accounting
for nearly 20% of total manufacturing output
And
almost 40% of total exports.
Agriculture
Arable
land - 25%
Agriculture
products - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef,
mutton, eggs
Agriculture
accounts for about 26% of Gross Domestic Product
Agriculture
employs more than 50% of the labor force.
Pakistan
possesses the largest contiguous irrigation system in the world, allowing
cultivation throughout the country.
Pakistan
is a major illegal producer of opium and hashish rated as the fourth largest
opium producer (140 metric tons in 1993).
Exports - $8.4
billion
Commodities
- cotton, fabrics, and yarn, rice, fish, fruits, and vegetables
Partners
- US 22%, Hong Kong 7%, UK 7%, Germany 7%, UAE 5%
Imports - $9.8
billion
Commodities
- machinery, petroleum, petroleum products, chemicals, transportation
equipment, edible oils, grains, pulses, flour
Partners
- US 8%, Japan 8%, Malaysia 7%, Saudi Arabia 7%, UAE 7% (FY98/99)
External debt - $32 billion
Economic aid (recipient) -
$2 billion in loan and grant assistance from international financial
institutions (IMF, World Bank, Asian Development Bank) and bilateral donors,
including the US Agency for International Development (currently suspended because of Pakistan's nuclear program).
Currency - 1 Pakistani
rupee = 100 paisa
Exchange rates
-
Pakistani rupees per US dollar = 51.90
Fiscal year - July 1 to
June 30
Electricity
production
- 59.262 billion kWh
Electricity
consumption
- 55.114 billion kWh
Exports
- 0 kWh
Imports
- 0 kWh
Production by
source
Fossil fuel - 63.05%
Hydro - 36.31%
Nuclear - 0.64%
Military Resources
Foreign Military Relations
United States - current nuclear weapons
disagreements have disrupted relations; China is a steady source of military
equipment including a joint research and development agreement; Saudi Arabia,
Iran, and Turkey.
International Activities - United States led alliance in the Persian Gulf War; United Nations
peacekeeping efforts in Somalia and Bosnia; Peacekeeping observers to Croatia,
Iraq and Kuwait border zones, Liberia, Mozambique, and the Western Sahara.
Military
Spending
- $2.435 billion
Percentage
of Gross Domestic Product - 3.9%
Males
age 15-49: 21,206,148
Males
reaching military age annually - 1,604,806
Nuclear
Weapons
–
Army
510,000
Personnel
313,000
Reserves
· MBTs - 120
M-47, 280 M-48A5, 50 T-54/55, 1200 Ch Type-59, 200 Ch Type-69, 100 Ch Type-85
· Armored
Personnel Carriers - 800 M-113
· Artillery -
2000+ ranging in size from 85mm to 203mm, additionally there are 45 122mm
multiple rocket launching vehicles
· Ground to
Ground Missiles - 18 Hatf-1 and Hatf-2
· AD Guns -
2,000+ ranging in size from 14.5mm to 57mm
· Surface to Air
Missiles - 350 Stinger, Redeye, RBS-70, and 500 Anza
· Recon - 40
O-1E, 130 Mashshaq, 3 Commander 690, 1 Cessna 421
· Attack
Helicopters - 20 AH-1F
· Tranport
Helicopters - 7 Bell 205, 10 Bell 206Bs, 16 Mi-8, 6 SA-315B, 23 SA-316, 35 SA
330, 5 UH-1H
Navy
22,000
Personnel
Surface
Ships
· 4 Destroyers
· 6 Frigates
· 8 Fast attack
craft-missile
· 1 Mine hunter
· 2 Mine
sweepers-coastal
· 5 Coast Guard
Submarines
· 2 Agosta class
diesel submarines
· 4 Daphne class
diesel submarines
· 3 midget
submarines
Naval
Aircraft
· 6 Westland Sea
King Mk45 ship borne helicopter
· 3 Westland
Lynx HAS 3 ship borne helicopter
· 4 Breguet
Atlantic 1 Land based helicopter
· 5 Mirage 5
AMAD-BA maritime strike aircraft
· 3 Fokker F27
MPA Friendship reconnaissance aircraft
Marines
150
Marine Commandos
Air Force
45,000
personnel
Total
- 430 combat aircraft.
· Fighter Bomber
- 7 squadrons; 1 with Mirage III, 3 Mirage 5s, 3 with Q-5 (A-5 Fantan)
· Fighter - 10
squadrons; 4 with J-6, 3 with F-16A, 2 with J-7
· RECCE - 1
squadron with 12 Mirage III
· Transport - 12
C-130, 1 L-100, 3 Boeing 707, 3 Falcon 20, 2 F-27-200, 2 Beech
· SAR: 1
Helicopter squadron with 6 SA-319
· Trans
Helicopters - 1 squadron with 12 SA-316, 4 SA-321, 12 SA-315B Lama
· Training - 12
CJ-6A, 30 JJ-5, 45 MFI-17B, 6 MiG-15, 10 T-33A, 44 T-37B
· Air Defense -
6 Crotale batteries, 1 CSA-2
Civilian
Defense
National Guard - 185,000 Personnel
The Frontier Corps - 65,000 Personnel
The Pakistan rangers - 23,000 personnel
The Maritime Security Agency - 2,000
45 Armored Personnel Carriers, 1 destroyer and 6 coastal
patrol craft
International Participation
Pakistans
role and participation in world affairs is widely diverse and a list of
organizations currently affiliated with follows (because of a recent government over-throw, continued participation is
uncertain):
Asian
Development Bank - Promotes regional
economic cooperation.
Commonwealth
(suspended)
- Fosters multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association
that evolved from the British Empire.
Customs
Cooperation Council - Promotes international cooperation in customs matters.
Colombo Plan - Promotes
economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific.
Economic
Cooperation Organization - Promotes regional cooperation in trade, transportation,
communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development.
Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific - Carries out the commitment of
the Economic and Social Council of the UN to promote economic development.
Food and
Agriculture Organization - Raises living standards and increase availability of
agricultural products.
Group of 19 - Represents
the interests of the less developed countries (LDCs) that participated in the
Conference on International Economic Cooperation.
Group of 24 - Promotes
the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within
the IMF.
Group of 77 - Promotes
economic cooperation among developing countries.
International
Atomic Energy Agency - Promotes peaceful uses of atomic energy.
International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) - Provides
economic development loans.
International
Civil Aviation Organization - Promotes international cooperation
in civil aviation.
International
Chamber of Commerce - Promotes free trade and private enterprise and to
represent business interests at national and international levels.
International
Confederation of Free Trade Unions -
Promotes the trade union movement.
International
Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement - Provides humanitarian aid in
wartime.
International
Development Association - Provides economic loans for low income countries.
Islamic
Development Bank - Promotes Islamic economic aid and social development.
International
Fund for Agricultural Development - Promotes agricultural development.
International
Finance Corporation - Supports private enterprise in international economic
development.
International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies - Organizes,
coordinate, and direct international relief actions; to promote humanitarian activities;
to represent and encourage the development of National Societies; to bring help
to victims of armed conflicts, refugees, and displaced people; to reduce the
vulnerability of people through development programs.
International
Hydrographic Organization - Trains hydrographic surveyors and nautical cartographers
to achieve standardization in nautical charts and electronic chart displays; to
provide advice on nautical cartography and hydrography; to develop the sciences
in the field of hydrography and techniques used for descriptive oceanography.
International
Labor Organization - Deals with world labor issues.
International
Monetary Fund - Promotes world monetary stability and economic
development.
International
Maritime Organization - Deals with international maritime affairs.
International
Mobile Satellite Organization - Provides worldwide communications
for commercial, distress, and safety applications, at sea, in the air, and on
land.
International
Telecommunications Satellite Organization - Develops and operate a global
commercial telecommunications satellite system.
International
Criminal Police Organization - Promotes international cooperation
among police authorities in fighting crime.
International
Olympic Committee - Promotes the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic
games.
International
Organization for Migration - Facilitates orderly international emigration and
immigration.
International
Organization for Standardization - Promotes the development of
international standards with a view to facilitating international exchange of
goods and services and to developing cooperation in the sphere of intellectual,
scientific, technological and economic activity.
International
Telecommunication Union - Deals with world telecommunications issues.
United Nations
Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara - Supervises the cease-fire and
conduct a referendum in Western Sahara.
United Nations
Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Establishes
contacts with the signatories to the cease-fire agreement and to plan for the
observation of the cease-fire and disengagement of forces.
Nonaligned
Movement
- Establishes political and military cooperation apart from the traditional
East or West blocs.
Organization
of American States (Observer) - Promotes regional peace and security
as well as economic and social development.
Organization
of the Islamic Conference - Promotes Islamic solidarity in economic, social,
cultural, and political affairs.
Organization
for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons - Enforces the Convention on the
Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical
Weapons and on Their Destruction; to provide a forum for consultation and
cooperation among the signatories of the Convention.
Permanent Court
of Arbitration - Facilitates the settlement of international disputes.
South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation - Promotes economic, social, and
cultural cooperation.
United Nations - Maintains
international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic,
social, cultural, and humanitarian problems.
United Nations
Mission in Sierra Leone - Cooperates with the Government of Sierra Leone and the
other parties to the Peace Agreement in the implementation of the agreement; to
monitor the military and security situation in Sierra Leone; to monitor the
disarmament and demobilization of combatants and members of the Civil Defense
Forces (CFD); to assist in monitoring respect for international humanitarian
law.
United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development - Promotes international trade.
United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization - Promotes
cooperation in education, science, and culture.
United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees - Ensures the humanitarian treatment
of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems.
United Nations
Industrial Development Organization - Promotes industrial development
especially among the members.
United Nations
Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission - Observes and monitor the
demilitarized zone established between Iraq and Kuwait.
United Nations
Institute for Training and Research - Helps the UN become more effective
through training and research.
United Nations
Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Establishes an International Police
Task Force (IPTF) to implement the Dayton Peace Agreement in Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
United Nations
Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo - Promotes the establishment of
substantial autonomy and self-government in Kosovo; to perform basic civilian
administrative functions; to support the reconstruction of key infrastructure
and humanitarian and disaster relief
United Nations
Mission of Observers in Prevlaka - Monitors the demilitarization of the
Prevlaka peninsula.
United Nations
Observer Mission in Georgia - Verifies compliance with the
cease-fire agreement, to monitor weapons exclusion zone, and to supervise CIS
peacekeeping force for Abkhazia.
United Nations
Transitional Administration in East Timor - Provides security throughout
the territory of East Timor; to establish an effective administration; to
ensure the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance; to support
capacity-building for self-government.
Universal
Postal Union - Promotes international postal cooperation.
World Confederation
of Labor
- Promotes the trade union movement.
World
Federation of Trade Unions - Promotes the trade union movement.
World Health
Organization - Deals with health matters worldwide.
World
Intellectual Property Organization - Furnishes protection for literary,
artistic, and scientific works.
World
Meteorological Organization - Sponsors meteorological cooperation.
World Tourism
Organization - Promotes tourism as a means of contributing to economic
development, international understanding, and peace.
World Trade Organization - Provides a means to resolve trade conflicts between members and to carry on negotiations with the goal of further lowering and/or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers.