[ elements of rhetoric ]
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	[ history of rhetoric ]
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Elements of Rhetoric

• Rhetoric and its history, theory, and practice
• Definitions of rhetoric
  • Oxford English Dictionary
• The history of the word rhetoric and its variations
• Rhetoric's relationship to other modes of knowledge
• Rhetoric, culture, and power
• The relevance of rhetoric
• Glossary of rhetoric

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Rhetorical Theory

• The genres of rhetoric
• The ancient genres of rhetoric
• The medieval genres of rhetoric
• Genres of rhetoric in the Renaissance
• Genres of rhetoric in the Enlightenment and since
• Today's genres of rhetoric
• The schêma - the canons of rhetoric
• Invention (G. heuresis; L. inventio)
• The rhetorical situation
  • Thesis and hypothesis
  • Stasis theory
• Definition
• The common topics
• The special topics
• The logical fallacies (invalid topics)
• The artistic proofs
• Ethos
• Pathos
• Logos
• Mythos?
• Deduction vs. induction
  • The syllogism
  • The enthymeme and the example
• The Toulmin system
• The commonplace
• The inartistic proofs
• See also: The figures of thought
• Glossary of invention
• Arrangement (G. taxis; L. dispositio)
• The parts of a composition
• Glossary of arrangement
• Style (G. lexis; L. elocutio)
• The types of style
• The virtues of style
• The figures of thought
• The figures of speech
• The tropes
• The means of achieving style
• Glossary of style
• Memory (G. mneme; L. memoria)
• Delivery (G. hypocrisis; L. actio)
• The rhetor's duties - the ends of rhetoric
• The rhetor's education
  • Reading, copying, imitation, translation, paraphrase
  • The progymnasmata
  • Declamation
  • In utramque partem

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History of Rhetoric

• Historical timeline of rhetoric
• Rhetoric in the ancient Near East
  • Mesopotamia
    • Sumer
    • Babylonia
  • Persia
  • Egypt
• Rhetoric in ancient China
• Rhetoric in ancient India
• Rhetoric in the pre-European Americas
• Rhetoric in pre-European Africa, Australia, and Pacific islands
• Rhetoric in the Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations
• Rhetoric in ancient Greece
  • The power of language: selections from the ancients
  • Differences between ancient and modern rhetoric
  • Rhetoric in Homer, the historians, and the dramatists
  • The literate revolution
  • Corax and Tisias: the invention of rhetoric
    • The case of Corax and Tisias
  • The sophists
    • Protagoras
    • Gorgias
  • The Attic orators
  • Isocrates
  • Plato
    • Plato's philosophical system
    • Plato's Gorgias: false rhetoric
    • Plato's Phaedrus: true rhetoric
  • Aristotle
    • Aristotle's philosophical system
    • Aristotle's Rhetoric
    • The Rhetoric's relationship to the Poetics, the Organon, the Politics, and the Ethics
  • Rhetorica ad Alexandrum
  • Women in Greek rhetoric
• Rhetoric in ancient Rome
  • Hermagoras
  • Cicero
    • Cicero's de Inventione
    • Cicero's de Oratore
    • Cicero's oratory
  • Philodemus
  • Dionysius of Halicarnassus
  • Quintilian
  • Longinus
  • Tacitus
  • The Second Sophistic
  • Hermogenes
  • Sextus Empiricus
  • The "decline" of rhetoric
  • Women in Roman rhetoric
  • Rhetores latini minores
• Rhetorc in the Byzantine Empire
• Rhetoric in Judeo-Christian Europe
  • Rhetoric in the Bible
  • St. Augustine
• Rhetoric in imperial China
• Rhetoric in medieval Europe
  • The medieval curriculum
  • Martianus Capella and the emergence of the liberal arts
  • The seven liberal arts
  • Boethius
  • Cassiodorus
  • Isidore of Seville
  • Alcuin
  • The three medieval rhetorical arts
    • The ars praedicandi
      • Hrabanus Maurus
      • Robert of Basevorn
    • The ars dictaminis
      • Alberic of Monte Cassino
      • Anonymous of Bologna
    • The ars poetica
      • Geoffrey of Vinsauf
    • Other medieval rhetorical arts
  • Hugh of St. Victor
  • John of Salisbury
  • Brunetto Latini
  • Christine de Pizan
• Rhetoric in the Renaissance
  • Petrarch and the emergence of Italian humanism
  • George of Trebizond
  • Italian humanism
    • Lorenzo Valla
    • Pico della Mirandolla: the dignity of man
  • Humanism in northern Europe
    • Erasmus
    • Juan Luis Vives
  • Castiglione
  • The dialectical turn
    • Agricola
    • Peter Ramus and Omer Talon
  • Rhetoric in Renaissance England: Ramus vs. Cicero
    • Leonard Cox
    • Richard Sherry
    • Thomas Wilson
    • Henry Peacham
    • Abraham Fraunce
    • Sir Philip Sidney
  • Francis Bacon
  • Rhetoric between Europeans and others
• Rhetoric in the Enlightenment
  • Giambattista Vico
  • Rhetoric in Enlightenment philosophy
    • Descartes
    • Hobbes
    • Locke
    • Hume
    • Kant
  • Ward
  • Thomas Sheridan
  • Lawson
  • Belletristic rhetoric
    • Adam Smith
    • Lord Kames
    • Hugh Blair
  • George Campbell
• Late 19th-, 20th-, and early 21st-century rhetoric
  • Richard Whately
  • Herbert Spencer
  • Nietzsche
  • Rhetoric in U.S. universities
    • Rhetoric in speech/communications departments
    • Rhetoric in English departments
  • Mikhail Bakhtin
  • I.A. Richards
  • Kenneth Burke
  • Richard Weaver
  • Richard McKeon
  • The rhetorical turn
• Chaim Perelman
• Stephen Toulmin
• The rhetoric of inquiry
  • Deirdre McCloskey
• The rhetoric of science
• The emergence of rhetorical studies
• Lloyd Bitzer
• Wayne Booth
• Roland Barthes
• Rhetoric in poststructuralist thought
  • Michel Foucault
  • Jacques Derrida
  • Paul de Man
• Stanley Fish
• Jürgen Habermas
• Critical rhetoric

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Rhetorical Criticism

• Rhetorical criticism vs. rhetorical analysis
• Types of rhetorical criticism
  • Neo-Aristotelian criticism
  • Burkean criticism
    • Cluster
    • Pentadic/Dramatistic
  • Cultural criticism
    • Fantasy-theme
    • Metaphorical
    • Ideological
  • Role criticism
  • Narrative criticism
  • Generic criticism
  • Feminist criticism
  • Continental criticism

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Related Subjects

• Analysis
  • Rhetorical analysis
  • Evidence
• Modern Language Association (MLA) template
• Revision
  • Revision guide for argument
  • Revision guide for arrangement
  • Revision guide for style

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Resources

• Bibliography
  • Bizzell, Patricia, and Bruce Herzberg, eds. The Rhetorical Tradition. 2nd. ed. Boston: St. Martin's, 2000.
  • Conley, Thomas M. Rhetoric in the European Tradition. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1990.
  • Corbett, Edward P.J., and Robert J. Connors. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. 4th ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1998.
  • Enos, Theresa, ed. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition. New York: Garland, 1996.
  • Horner, Winifred Bryan, ed. The Present State of Scholarship in Historical and Contemporary Rhetoric. Rev ed. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1990.
  • Kennedy, George A. Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times. 2nd ed. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1999.
  • Lanham, Richard. A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms. 2nd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1991.
  • Sloane, Thomas, ed. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford UP, 2001.
  • Vickers, Brian. In Defence of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford UP, 1989.
• Webliography
  • American Rhetoric.com - research and teaching aides, including an index of American speeches, glossary of rhetorical terms in sound, and links to other resources.
  • Ariadne's Threads: Lines of Inquiry - brief overview of rhetoric, focusing on various lines of inquiry in the rhetorical tradition, such as the ethical states of rhetoric.
  • A Brief History of Rhetoric and Composition - introduction to the history of rhetoric and composition, selected from The Bedford Bibliography for Teachers of Writing.
  • Composition and Rhetoric Studies - overview of the controversies, histories, and pedagogical practices of composition and rhetoric.
  • Ed Lamoureux Rhetorical Resources - lecture notes, links, and other resources for Ed Lamoureux's "Theory and Literature of Rhetoric" course.
  • Fragments - research and teaching aides on rhetorical and communication theory.
  • The Heritage of Rhetorical Theory - McGraw-Hill Online Supplement for The Heritage of Rhetorical Theory by J. Michael Sproule.
  • Jim Tallmon's Rhetoric Ring - brief overview of rhetoric, focusing on key concepts and individuals.
  • The Language of Oratory - introduction to oratory, in the form of a lesson plan.
  • Resources in Rhetorical Studies - overview of rhetoric with numerous research and teaching aides, with an emphasis on Western rhetorical theory and its history.
  • Rhetoric - introduction to the study of rhetoric, from Aristotle to the present, with emphasis on rhetorical and stylistic analyses of various types of discourse.
  • Rhetoric Resources at Tech - overview of rhetoric, with brief essays on its key figures and essential ideas.
  • Rhetorica - lecture notes, links, and other resources for Daniel D. Gross's courses in rhetoric and communication.
  • Rhetorica ad Digitum - overview of rhetoric, including notes on some introductory categories and definitions, as well as 18th- and 19th-century rhetoric.
  • Silva Rhetoricae: The Forest of Rhetoric - overview of rhetoric, including glossary of rhetorical terms.
  • A Taste of Rhetoric - introduction to the art and science of rhetoric, specifically Aristotle's classic definition of speaking before an audience.