INDV103 Dinnerstein handouts

Dr. Leonard Dinnerstein's Lecture Handouts

February 23- March 24

February 23

February 25

February 23, 2004

THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
P. 639: “”Reform in the-air”
Most Amers believe “that something should be done to curb the power of the new industrial corporations and to resolve the problems of the cities. Some Americans also came to identify traditional political practices as an impediment to reform.”

Progressive themes: order morality greater democracy honesty social progress
Regulation of business consumer protection tax reform
Conservation of national resources racism control immigration
Progressives favor a larger role for government in society
Regulate railroads and banking
Prohibit alcoholic beverages
Limit working hours of women factor workers
Progressives want more democracy in government
Initiative, referendum, recall (“Oregon System”)
Direct primary
‘ votes for women
city-manager system
Women and Reform
Birth control – Margaret Sanger
National Consumers League
Women’s Trade Union League
(Triangle Fire leads to factory safety laws)
(Brandeis Brief: Muller v. Oregon (1908)
women’s suffrage (19th amendment)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony,Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul (ERA)
Jeanette Rankin
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (18th amendment)
Anti-Saloon League
Social Gospel
Mann Act (1910)
Muckrakers:
Lindoln Steffens – shame of the cities
Ida Tarbell -----Standard Oil
Upton Sinclair The Jungle
Municipal Reform: garbage collection
Utilities
Trolley cars
City manager system
Reform in State Governments
Wisconsin: Robert La Fallette
“the Wisconsin idea:” reliance on experts
political primaries
RR regulation
Regulation of Corporations
Civil service
Restrictions on lobbyists
California adds::
Workmen’s compnesation
Railroad regulation
Racism : prohibition on Asian land ownership

Greater Democracy:
Direct election of Senators (17th Amendment)
Votes for Women (19th Amendment)
i-r-r- Oregon System (W. S. U’R
National Government: TR: Trust busting
RR regulation
Conservation
Pure Ford and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Taft: Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Gifford Pinchot
Richard Ballinger
Wilson: Election of 1912: New Natlsm vs New Freedom
Bull Moose Party
See map on p. 666: See how third parties affect elections
Wilson: Underwood T ariff, FC, Fed Reserve Act
Moral Reform and election of 1916: Brandeis nominated to SC
Workman’s comp for fed employees
Credit for farmers
Elimination of child labor (overthrown by
US Supreme Court)
Adamson Act

Progressive Amendments to the Constitution:
16
17
18
19 top

February 25

Special Guest Star Dr. H. Michael Gelfand

Hawaii

Manifest Destiny

Historian Frederick Turner- end of the frontier

Alfred Mahan- Sea Power: build a large navy

Special characteristics of Hawai'i before European Contact:

1. agriculture

2. Chief-dominated hierarchy

3. unique language

4. religious practices

5. Chants

6. He'e Nalu: surfing

1778 Arrival of James Cook. Hawai'ians initially believe he was incarnation of a harvest god but soon discover Cook was a mortal (and tasty).

1779 Kamehameha united Hawai'i

1819 Congregationalists arrive

Sugar cane plantations established

Disease decimate population

Sanford Dole

Queen Liluokolani

Hawai'i annexed in 1898

Return of surfing to the islands top

March 1

Foreign Policy

Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary
Messianic Concept
Economic Concerns

Platt Amendment
Teller Amendment
Alfred Thayer Mahan
William Jennings Bryan
“Pancho” Villa

The United States and the Western Hemisphere

See chronology on p. 679 of Berkin

Mexico: Diaz, Madero, Huerta, Caranza,

Wilson: (p. 680, Berkin): “I am going to teach the South American Republics to elect good men.” top

March 3, 2004

US at War

Nationalism
Ethnic Antagonisms in Europe
Triple Entente (Britain; France; Russia)
Triple Alliance (Germany;Austria; -Hungary; Italy
Slavs Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Bulgarians, Russians, Ukrainians, Belarussians

Assassination of the Archduke, June,1914 (Sarajevo, Bosnia)
Central Powers: Germany, Austria/Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
Allies: France, Britain, Italy, Russia until the Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916
American Neutrality
The “Huns:” U-boats, contraband, sinking of the Lusitania, Sussex Pledge
Creditor Nation
Election of 1916: “He kept us out of war”
The Zimmerman Telegram
WW asks for war, April, 1917

THE HOME FRONT:
Mobilizing the Economy: War Industries Board, Daylight Savings Time, Control of RR, Natl War Labor Board

Herbert Hoover: Food administrator (Meatless Mondays, Wheatless Tuesdays, war gardens)
Mobilizing Public Opinion: The Creel Committee, Hostility to Germans in US; Espionage (1917) and Sedition (1918) Acts which lead to Schenck v. United States and Abrams v.United States (both 1919)

Great Migration and White Reactions: movement of African Americans from South to
Midwest and Northeast during WW I

Bolsheviks, Secret Treaties, 14 Points (read especially point 3 for contemporary analogy)
Reparations, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles top

March 8, 2004

A DECADE OF INTOLERANCE
(1918-1928)

Whenever there is stress in society there is greater victimization of minority groups.

1918: High Cost of living frustrates Americans who go on strike
blame placed on Bolshevik Revolution
1919: February: Seattle: 5 day general strike
Sept: Boston Police Strike; Governor Calvin Coolidge: “there is no right
to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime.”
Strike at US Steel: owners call in scabs and blame strike on “radicals”
1919: Schenck v. United States, Abrams v. United States: curbs on free speech
1919: Red Scare: letter bombs, Palmer raids
states ;ass laws criminalizing advocacy of Bolshevism and IWW
1919 18th Amendment to the Constitution (prohibition)

Jan, 1920: New York state legislature expels 5 Socialists
May, 1920: arrest of Sacco and Vanzetti
May, 1920: Henry Ford begins series on “The International Jew” in his newspaper,
The Dearborn Independent. It is merely paraphrasing Protocols of the Elders
Of Zion. This will be translated into 37 languages. Hitler puts life-sized picture
Of Henry Ford in his office; Germany honors Henry Ford, 1937

1919, 1920: race riots in 2 dozen cities

1921, 1924: Immigration Restriction Acts based on national origins

Ethnic and geographical quotas instituted in colleges and universities

KKK (revived Nov, 1915; becomes major factor in USA in 1921; subsides after 1926)
1924: Fundamentalism: Scopes Trial
1928 Campaign of Al Smith vs. Herbert Hoover top

March 10, 2004

PROSPERITY DECADE?

Society evolves; times change, people change: reevaluate social folkways and mores

71% of Americans lived below the poverty line in 1925

Margaret Sanger; condoms; kissing, petting; “dates”; auto: “a house of prostitution on wheels”; speakeasy, “flaming youth”
Hollywood: immoral; suspect; Babylon

Increased domestic production: new products. Refrigerators, vacuum cleaners; toasters,
Wheaties; Henry Ford and the model T
Jesus: The Man Nobody Knows; he took 12 men from the bottom rankis of business and forged them into an organization that conquered the world
Get rich quick mania; increased borrowing; rising stock market
Supermarkets, shopping centers
Harlem Renaissance; literary accomplishments: Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Lewis

Charles Lindburgh: man of he decade; epitomizes American spirit and accomplishment

Agricultural depressions
Labor problems; anti-union; steel goes to six day week

Poor political leadership: Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
Harding: his administration included officials who bought and sold property as if it were their own
Coolidge: “the man who builds a factory, builds a temple, the man who works there, worships there”; Irving Stone said they should build a monument to Coolidge, “sixty feet deep”
Coolidge said “the chief business of the American people is business”; he was warned about increasing economic imbalances but refused to do anything about them; opposed “too much government”

Harding and Coolidge: tax breaks for the rich

Hoover: outstandingly accomplished individual but a failure as a President; had no precedents to follow when coping with the worst economic depression the US had ever seen

(continued from Monday: more intolerance: university quotas, treatment of Asians and Mexican Americans; LULAC) top

March 22, 2004

THE NEW DEAL
Aim: the three Rs

What is liberalism? Frances Perkins was a liberal. These were her liberal goals: eliminate child labor, unemployment insurance for those who lose their jobs through no fault of their own; social security; minimum wages/maximum hours legislation. She also wanted universal health care but the doctors’ lobby strongly opposed it.

Conservatives said Social Security and minimum wages/maximum hours were socialistic. They were, of course, correct. P. 764 “Conservatives fumed that Roosevelt threatened free enterprise, if not capitalism.”

ALWAYS READ CAREFULLY:
p. 745 “The 19120s were [Sic] a decade of prosperity….”
P. 752: IN 1928 “70 percent of American families earned less than” $2500 a year which was considered what we would today call the poverty line

Contrast personalities of Hoover and FDR: notice the factors that make for a great
Leader

The Crash: October, 1929
1929-1933: over 4,000 banks fail
90,000 American businesses fail
unemployment reaches 25%

Hoover: public works projects (e.g. Boulder Dam, Triboro Bridge, etc)
Opposes direct federal relief (like Grover Cleveland before him)

FDR: Brains Trust, Fireside Chats, First 100 Days: AAA, TVA, REA, CCC, FERA, CWA, HOLC¸FDIC. 1934 : SEC, Indian Reorganization Act (John Collier). 1935: Wagner Act; WPA (NYA made part of WPA by executive order), REA, SS. CIO established.

The Demagogues: Huey Long (“Share the Wealth”); Father Charles Coughlin (National Union for Social Justice); Dr. Francis Townsend ($200 a month to old people).

United Auto Workers; problems of blacklisting
CIO
WPA” Harry Hopkins
Mary McLeod Bethune
Marion Anderson
Dust Bowl
John Steinbeck, GRAPES OF WRATH (1939); “Oakies”
Richard Wright, NATIVE SON (1940) top

March 24, 2004

THE NEW DEAL (continued)

Depression touched every aspect of American life (p. 769)

1934: SEC
1935: WPA (NYA), Social Security, Wagner Labor Act
1936: sit-down strikes in auto industry
1937: FDR’s inaugural address: 1/3 of the nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished
SC fight and recession: FDR cuts $4billion from federal budget and p.768: “the economy was not strong enough to cope with thousands of people seeking jobs and reduced government spending.” Unemployment rises to 19%

Pay careful attention to charts on pp. 769 and 770 in the text. (My first car was a 1953 DeSoto. It was larger than Chevrolet and Dodge, smaller than Olds and Buick.)

Very important: Americans eventually get “bored” with the poor, the unemployed, and the insecure

Terms, Names, Ideas, Books, Movies:
Eleanor Roosevelt
Hoboes
Aubrey Williams
“Hoovervilles”
JACL
Scottsboro Case

p. 779: “The New Deal never full restored the economy, but it engineered a profound shift in the nature of government and in society’s expectations about the federal government’s role in people’s lives. After the New Deal, neither the economy, nor society, nor government and politics would ever be the same.” top