ANCDS Aphasia Practice Guidelines
 

Overall Language
Performance

Lexical Retrieval

Syntax

Speech Production/
Fluency

Reading

Writing

Alternative
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Overall Language Performance Studies (see abbreviations table as needed for treatments)

Year
Reference (in chronological order)
Design
N
Class
Phase
Treatment
1904 Mills, C. K. (1904). Treatment of aphasia by training. Journal of the American Medical Association, 43,1940-1949. CS
5
3
1
Repetition, visual cues, copying
1959 Godfrey, C. M. (1959). A dysphasia rehabilitation clinic. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 80, 616-618. SS
38
3
1
Group tx
1967 Broman, T., Lindholm, A., & Melin, B. (1967). Rehabilitation of aphasics. Acta Neurologica, 43, 125. CS
75
3
1
not specified
1969 Sands, E., Sarno, M. T., & Shankweiler, D. (1969). Long-term assessment of language function in aphasia due to stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 50, 202-206, 222. G b/t
30
3
1
not specified
1969 Sefer, J. & Schuell, H. (1969). A year of aphasia therapy: A case study. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 4, 73-82. CS
1
3
1
Stimulation
1973 Sefer, J. W. (1973). A case study demonstrating the value of aphasia therapy. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 8, 99-104. CS
1
3
1
Stimulation
1975 Basso, A., Faglioni, P. & Vignolo, L.A. (1975). A controlled study of language rehabilitation in aphasia: A comparison between treated and untreated aphasics. Revue Neurologique, 131, 607-614. G b/t 185
2
1
not specified
1975 Fredman, M. (1975). The effect of therapy given in Hebrew on the home language of the bilingual or polyglot adult aphasic in Israel. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 10, 61-69. G w/in
40
3
1
not specified
1976 Marshall, R. C. (1976). Relaxation training: Effects on the communicative ability of aphasic adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 57, 464-467. G w/in
16
3
1
Relaxation training
1977 Broida, H. (1977). Language therapy effects in long term aphasia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 58, 248-253. G w/in
14
3
2
SDWM
1978 Deal, J. L., & Deal, L. A. (1978). Efficacy of aphasia rehabilitation: Preliminary results. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 8 (pp. 66-77). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
G b/t & w/in
27
2
2
SWDM
1978 Deal, J. L., & Deal, L. A. (1978). Efficacy of aphasia rehabilitation: Preliminary results. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 8 (pp. 66-77). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
G w/in
35
2
2
SWDM
1978 Hanson, W. R., & Cicciarelli, A. W. (1978). The time, amount, and pattern of language improvement in adult aphasics. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 13, 59-63. G w/in
13
3
2
SWDM
1978 Levita, E. (1978). Effects of speech therapy on aphasics' responses to functional communication profile. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47, 151-154. G b/t
35
3
1
heterogeneous
1979 Basso, A., Capitani, E., & Vignolo, L. A. (1979). Influence of rehabilitation language skills in aphasia. Archives of Neurology, 36, 190-196.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
162
2
2
SWDM
1979 Meikle, M., Wechsler, E., Tupper, A., Benenson, M., Butler, J., Mulhall, D., & Stern, G. (1979). Comparative trial of volunteers and professional treatments of dysphasia after stroke. British Medical Journal, 2, 87-89. G w/in Gb/t
RCT
29
1
3
"conventional"
1979 Sarno, M. T., & Levita, E. (1979). Recovery in treated aphasia in the first year post-stroke. Stroke, 10, 663-670.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
34
3
2
SWDM
1980 Di Carlo. (1980). Language recovery in Aphasia: Effect of systematic filmed programed instruction. Arch Phys Med Rehab, 61, 41-44. G b/t
RCT
14
1
3
filmed programmed instruction
1980 Samples, J. M. & Lane, V. W. (1980). Language gains in global aphasia over a three-year period: A case study. Journal of Communication Disorders, 13, 49-57.
(link to abstract)
CS
1
3
1
MIT, artic drill, phoneme recog., etc.
1980 Towey, M. P., & Pettit, J. M. (1980). Improving communication competence in global aphasia. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 10 (pp. 139-146). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
CS
2
3
1
Stimulation
1981 Dordain, M., & Normand, B. (1981). Comparative study of the oral language of aphasics with and without treatment. Folia Phoniatrica, 33, 369-379. G b/t
33
2
1
not specified
1981 Ogrezeanu, V., & Voinescu, I. (1981). Efficiency of methods based on the divergent principle in the therapy of aphasia. Revue Roumaine de Neurologie Et Psychiatrie, 19, 151-157. G b/t
40
2
1
divergent + convergent vs. convergent
1981 Sarno, M. T., & Levita, E. (1981). Some observations on the nature of recovery in global aphasia after stroke. Brain and Language, 13, 1-12.
(link to abstract)
G w/in
7
3
2
SWDM
1981 Smith, DS., Goldenberg, E., Ashburn, A., Kinsella, G., Sheikh, K., Brennan, PJ., Meade, TW., Zurshi, DW., Perry, JD., & Reeback, JS. (1981). Remedial therapy after stroke: A randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 282, 517-520. G b/t
RCT
47
1
3
not specified
1981

Wertz, R. T., Collins, M. J., Weiss, D., Kurtzke, J. F., Friden, T., Brookshire, R. H., Pierce, J., Holtzapple, P., Hubbard, D. J., Porch, B. E., West, J. A., Davis, L., Matovich, V., Morley, G. K., & Resurreccion, E. (1981). Veterans Administration cooperative study on aphasia: A comparison of individual and group treatment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, 580-594.

G b/t
67
2
2
Mult- imp based & grp
1982 David, R., Enderby, P., & Bainton, D. (1982). Treatment of acquired aphasia: Speech therapists and volunteers compared. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 45, 957-961.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
RCT
96
1
3
not specified
1982 Lincoln, N. B., Pickersgill, M. J., Hankey, A. I., & Hilton, C. R. (1982). An evaluation of operant training and speech therapy in the language rehabilitation of moderate aphasics. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 10, 162-178. G w/in
24
2
1
speech lg tx vs. operant tx vs. no tx
1982 VanDemark, A. A. (1982). Predicting post-treatment scores on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 12 (pp. 103-111). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
G w/in
75
3
1
not specified
1982 Wertz, R. T. (1982). Response to treatment in a case of crossed aphasia. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 12 (pp. 129-137). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
CS
1
3
1
MIT
1983 Pickersgill, M. J., & Lincoln, N. B. (1983). Prognostic indicators and the pattern of recovery of communication in aphasic stroke patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 46, 130-139.
(link to abstract)
G w/in
56
3
1
Operant
1983 Pickersgill, M. J., & Lincoln, N. B. (1983). Prognostic indicators and the pattern of recovery of communication in aphasic stroke patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 46, 130-139.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
56
3
1
VLCT & operant
1984 David, R. M., & Skilbeck, C. E. (1984). Raven IQ and language recovery following stroke. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 302-308. G w/in
88
3
1
not specified
1984 Lincoln, N. B., & Pickersgill, M. J. (1984). The effectiveness of programmed instruction with operant training in the language rehabilitation of severely aphasic patients. Behavioral Psychotherapy, 12, 237-248. G w/in
12
2
1
Operant
1984 Quinteros, B., Williams, D. R. R., White, C. A. M., & Pickering, M. (1984). The costs of using trained and supervised volunteers as part of a speech therapy service for dysphasic patients. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 19, 205-212. G b/t
24
3
1
Group vs. indiv
1984 Lincoln, N. B., McGuirk, E., Mulley, G. P., Lendrem, W., Jones, A. C., Mithchell, J. R. A. (2 June 1984). Effectiveness of speech therapy for aphasic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial. The Lancet, 1(8388), 1197-1200. G b/t
RCT
161
1
3
not specified
1984 Shewan, C. M., & Kertesz, A. (1984). Effects of speech and language treatment on recovery from aphasia. Brain and Language, 23, 272-299.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
100
2
1
SWDM-slp vs. LOT-slp vs. VLCT-non-slp
1985 Hanson, W. R., Metter, E. J., & Riege, W. H. (1985). The evolution of chronic aphasia. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 15 (pp. 159-168). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
G b/t
35
3
1
not specified
1986 Cherney, L. R., Merbitz, C. T., & Grip, J. C. (1986). Efficacy of oral reading in aphasia treatment outcome. Rehabilitation Literature, 47, 112-118. G w/in
10
3
1
Oral Reading Tx
1986 Hesketh, A. (1986). Measuring progress in aphasia therapy: A multiple baseline study. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 21, 47-62. SS
1
3
1
Oral reading, grammatical subject use
1986 Kinsey, C. (1986). Microcomputer speech therapy for dysphasic adults: A comparision with two conventional administered tasks. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 21, 125-133. G w/in
12
1
2
linguistic & non-linguistic tasks admin. by computer vs. SLP
1989 Marshall, R. C., Wertz, RT., Weiss, DG., Aren, et al. (1989). Home treatment for aphasic patients by trained nonprofessionals. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 54, 462-470.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
RCT
94
1
3
tx by SLP vs. trained volunteer
1986 Shewan, C. M., & Bandur, D. L. (1986). Treatment of Aphasia: A Language-Oriented Approach. San Diego: College-Hill Press. G b/t
49
2
1
LOT
1986 Wertz, R. T., Weiss, D. G., Aten, J. L., Brookshire, R. H., Garcia-Buñuel, L., Holland, A. L., Kurtzke, J. F., LaPointe, L. L., Milianti, F. J., Brannegan, R., Greenbaum, H., Marshall, R. C., Vogel, D., Carter, J., Barnes, N. S., & Goodman, R. (1986). Comparison of clinic, home, and deferred language treatment for aphasia: a Veterans Administration cooperative study. Archives of Neurology 43: 653-658. G b/t RCT
121
1
1
STIM vs. in-home trained volunteer
1987 Hartman J., & Landu W. (1987). Comparison of formal language therapy with supportive counseling for aphasia due to acute vascular accident. Archives of Neurology, 44, 646-649.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
RCT
60
1
3
SWDM vs. supportive counseling
1987 Roberts, J. A., Wertz, R. T., Bernstein-Ellis, E., & Shubitowski, Y. (1987). Pragmatic and syntactic improvement in fluent and nonfluent aphasia. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 17 (pp. 29-34). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
G w/in
6
3
2
STIM
1987 Warren, R., Gabriel, C., Johnston, A., & Gaddie, A. (1987). Efficacy during acute rehabilitation. In R. H. Brookshire (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 17 (pp. 1-11). Minneapolis, MN: BRK Publishers.
(link to article)
SS
3
3
1
Cued naming
1988 Mackay, S., Holmes, DW., & Gersumky, AT. (1988). Methods to assess aphasic stroke patients. Geriatric Nursing, May/June, 177-179. G b/t
RCT
95
1
3
language & social stimulation from trained volunteers
1989 Brindley, P., Copeland, C. D., & Pru, M. (1989). A comparison of the speech of ten chronic Broca’s aphasics following intensive and non-intensive periods of therapy. Aphasiology, 3, 695-707. G w/in
10
3
2
Group vs. indiv
1989 Hadar, U. (1989). Sensory-motor factors in the control of jargon in conduction aphasia. Aphasiology, 3, 593-610. SS
1
3
1
"psychomotor": rhythmic head movements, breathing, vocalizations
1989 Poeck, K., Huber, W., & Willmes, K. (1989). Outcome of intensive language treatment in aphasia. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 54, 471-479.
(link to abstract)
G b/t RCT
23
2
1
LOT vs. group
1989 Prins, RS., Schoonen, R., & Vermuelen, J. (1989). Efficacy of two different types of speech therapy for aphasic patients. Applied Psycholinguistics, 10, 85-123. G b/t
RCT
32
1
3

Systematic Therapy for Auditory Comprehension Disorders vs. stimulation

1991 Gonzalvez, C., Mishra, H., Shashikala, H. R., & Kumariah, V. (1991). Aphasia: A retaining programme. NIMHANS Journal, 9, 105-111. SS
1
3
1
Oral reading, repetition, aud comp, writing
1992 Katz, R. C., & Wertz, R. T. (1992). Computerized hierarchical reading treatment in aphasia. Aphasiology, 6, 165-177. G b/t RCT 43
2
1
Comp. reading vs. Comp. stimulation (non-language) vs. no tx
1993 Leal, M. G., Farrajota, L., Fonseca, J., Guerriero, M., & Castro-Caldas, A. (1993). The influence of speech therapy on the evolution of stroke aphasia (Abstract). Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, 15(3), 399. G b/t
RCT
60
1
3
formal speech therapy vs. stimulation tx provided by relatives
1995 Burns, M. S., Dong, K. Y., & Oehring, A. K. (1995). Family involvement in the treatment of aphasia. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2, 68-77. CS
1
3
1
Family as caregivers
1995 Horner, J., Dawson, D. V., Eller, M. A., Buoyer, F. G., Crowder, J. L., & Reus, C. M. (1995). Prognosis for improvement during acute rehabilitation as measured by the Western Aphasia Battery. In M. L. Lemme (Ed.), Clinical Aphasiology: Vol. 23, 141-154.
(link to article)
G w/in
69
3
1
not specified
1995 Mazzoni, M., Vista, M., Geri, E., Avila, L., Bianchi, F., & Moretti, P. (1995). Comparison of language recovery in rehabilitated and matched non-rehabilitated aphasic patients. Aphasiology, 9, 553-563. G b/t
26
3
1
not specified
1995 Murray, L. L., & Holland, A. L. (1995). The language recovery of acutely aphasic patients receiving different therapy regimens. Aphasiology, 9, 397-405. G b/t
4
3
1
conversational tx vs. didactic & conversational tx
1996 Denes, G., Perazzolo, C., Piani, A., & Piccione, F. (1996). Intensive versus regular speech therapy in global aphasia: a controlled study. Aphasiology, 10, 385-394. G b/t
17
1
2
Stimulation
1997 Avent, J. R. (1997). Group treatment in aphasia using cooperative learning methods. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 5, 9-26. SS
8
3
1
Cooperative Group tx
1997 Katz, R. C. & Wertz, R. T. (1997). The efficacy of computer-provided reading treatment for chronic aphasic adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 493-507.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
55
1
3
Compter reading tx (CRT)
1997 Odell, K. H., Bair, S., Flynn, M., Workinger, M., Osborne, D., & Chial, M. (1997). Retrospective study of treatment outcome for individuals with aphasia. Aphasiology, 11, 415-432. G b/t
20
3
2
Group tx
1999 Aftonomos, L. B., Appelbaum, J. S., & Steele, R. D. (1999). Improving outcomes for persons with aphasia in advanced community-based treatment programs. Stroke, 30, 1370-1379.
(link to abstract)
G w/in
60
3
1
Computer administered tx
1999 Elman, R. J. & Bernstein-Ellis, E. (1999). The efficacy of group communication treatment in adults with chronic aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 411-419. (link to abstract) G b/t RCT
24
1
1
Group tx
1999 Musso, M., Weiller, C., Kiebel, S., Muller, S. P., Bulau, P., & Rijntjes, M. (1999). Training-induced brain plasticity in aphasia. Brain, 122, 1781-1790.
(link to abstract)
SS
20
3
1
Language comprehension tx
2000 Paolucci, S., Antonucci, G., Grasso, M. G., Morelli, D., Troisi, E., Coiro, P., & Bragoni, M. (2000). Early versus delayed inpatient stroke rehabilitation: A matched comparison conducted in Italy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 695-700.
(link to abstract)
G b/t
145
2
2
not specified
2000 Worrall, L. & Yiu, E. (2000). Effectiveness of functional communication therapy by volunteers for people with aphasia following stroke. Aphasiology, 14, 911-924.
(link to abstract)
Mixed
20
2
1
Volunteers trained to maximize communication
2001 Aftonomos, L. B., Steele, R. D., Appelbaum, J. S., & Harris, V. M. (2001). Relationships between impairment-level assessments and functional-level assessments in aphasia: Findings from LCC treatments programmes. Aphasiology, 10-11, 951-964.
(link to abstract)
G w/in
50
3
1
Computer administered tx
2001 Basso, A. & Caporali, A. (2001). Aphasia Therapy or the importance of being earnest. Aphasiology, 15, 307-332.
(link to abstract)
CS
1
3
2
not specified
2002 Garrett, K. L. & Huth, C. (2002). The impact of graphic contextual information and instruction on the conversational behaviours of a person with severe aphasia. Aphasiology, 16, 523-536.
(link to abstract)
SS
1
3
2
Graphic topic-setters, conversational rules tx
2007 Meinzer, M., Streiftau, S., & Rockstroh, B. (2007). Intensive language training in the rehabilitation of chronic aphasia: Efficient training by laypersons. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 846-853. G b/t 20 3 2 Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy