Latin 102: The Roman Emperors


*Note: This is an old document. Most of the links are dead.*

Instructor:

John Bauschatz

Time/Location: W, 1:30-6:00 p.m.; Trotter 115
Contact Info:

Office: Trotter 104
Phone: (610) 957-6168 (office); (610) 328-0424 (home)
email: jbausch1@email.arizona.edu


OVERVIEW

This seminar explores Latin authors of the Roman Empire. Particular attention is given to their responses to the social and political structures of their times, and above all, to the Roman Emperors of the first two centuries A.D. Expressed attitudes towards emperors range from adulation to spite, but the seminar concentrates on authors who fall somewhere in between, writing skeptically or subversively. The course will focus on close reading of prose writers (Augustus, Velleius Paterculus, Tacitus, Suetonius, Pliny, Fronto, the Historia Augusta), but poets (among these Martial, Seneca and Statius) and documentary texts (inscriptions, papyri, etc.) will be included.


PREREQUISITES

Latin 102 is a seminar and is thus intended for students with who can read the language rapidly and accurately. It is normally taken after 2-3 intermediate level Latin courses (i.e., those numbered in the double digits: 011, 012, etc.). If you're concerned about placement in the course, please let me know.


READINGS

The readings for this course will be many, but you need only buy the following boldfaced texts. I will provide you with selections from everything else (in pdf format: see Course Schedule, below).

  • R.E. Wallace, ed. Res Gestae Divi Augusti as Recorded in the Monumentum Ancyranum and the Monumentum Antiochenum. Wauconda, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci, 2000.
  • A.J. Woodman, ed. Velleius Paterculus: The Tiberian Narrative, 2.94-131. New Edition. Cambridge UP, 2004.
  • H.W. Benario, ed. Tacitus: Annals 11 and 12. The Classical World Special Series 3. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1983. (***Out of print: if you can't find used copies online [try www.abebooks.com] I will provide photocopies/scans.***)
  • P.T. Eden, ed. Seneca: Apocolocyntosis. Cambridge UP, 1984.
  • D. Shotter, trans. and ed. Suetonius: Lives of Galba, Otho & Vitellius. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 1993.
  • W. Williams, ed. Pliny: Correspondence with Trajan from Bithynia (Epistles X). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1990.
  • H.W. Benario, ed. A Commentary on the Vita Hadriani in the Historia Augusta. American Classical Studies 7. Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1980.
  • D.R. Shackleton Bailey, ed. Statius. Vol. 1: Silvae. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard UP, 2003. (Loeb edition.)
  • J.W. Geyssen. Imperial Panegyric in Statius: A Literary Commentary on Silvae 1.1. P.Lang: New York, 1996.
  • Coleman, K.M. Statius: Silvae IV. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.
  • D.R. Shackleton Bailey, ed. Martial: Epigrams. Vols. II and III. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard UP, 1993. (Loeb edition.)
  • K. Coleman, ed. Martial: Liber Spectaculorum. Text, Translation, and Commentary. Oxford UP, forthcoming.
  • C.A. Williams, ed. Martial: Epigrams, Book Two. Oxford UP, 2004.
  • P. Howell, ed. Martial: Epigrams V. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 1995.
  • G.G. Vioque, ed. J.J. Zoltowski, trans. Martial, Book VII: A Commentary. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
  • C. Henriksén, ed. Martial, Book IX: A Commentary. 2 vols. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis 24. Uppsala, 1998.
  • N.M. Kay, ed. Martial, Book XI: A Commentary. New York: Oxford UP, 1985.
  • L. and P. Watson, eds. Martial: Select Epigrams. Cambridge UP, 2003.
  • M.P.J. Van Den Hout, ed. M. Cornelius Fronto: Epistulae. Leipzig: Teubner, 1988.
  • M.P.J. Van Den Hout. A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto. Mnemosyne Supplement 190. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
All of these should be available in the bookstore, but you can probably find used copies for less elsewhere: amazon - Barnes & Noble - abe Books. *Please make sure that you have the proper edition of each text.*

You will also need both a Latin grammar/syntax and a good Latin/English dictionary. I would advise that you purchase Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (Focus Publishing, 2001) or (less enthusiastically) Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar (Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997 [reprint edition]), alongside E.C. Woodcock's A New Latin Syntax (Bolchazy-Carducci, 1959 [reprint edition]). Copies of Allen and Greenough and Woodcock will be available in the bookstore.

As far as dictionaries go, the Chambers-Murray Latin-English Dictionary (reissue; Chambers, 1994) or Cassell's Latin Dictionary (Cassell's, 1977) will probably suffice for the purposes of the course. Copies of the Chambers-Murray dictionary will be available in the bookstore. If you're looking for a dictionary for life, however, you can't go wrong with the Latin Dictionary Founded on Andrew's Edition of Freund's Latin Dictionary, edited by C.T. Lewis and C. Short (Oxford UP: revised edition, 1979; affectionately known as "Lewis and Short"). The Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford UP: 1983; a.k.a. the OLD) is also a safe bet, though I prefer Lewis and Short myself. All of these texts should be readily available locally or via the web.


GRADING

Grading for the course will be based on the following breakdown:

  • Attendance/Participation (25%): How often you come to class and how ably and enthusiastically you participate in class discussions. As the course meets only once per week, enthusiastic attendance is crucial. I will permit one unexcused absence during the course of the semester. After that you'll risk serious grade damage for any unexplained (and unjustified) disappearances.

  • Presentations (25%): Weekly presentations by students will require a certain amount of additional reading and research, generally in other materials provided by me. These are intended to last 15-20 minutes and will be assigned in class.
  • Short Papers (20% [10% each]): Two 5-page papers based on course readings and presentations will be assigned in the course of the semester. These are meant to be exercises in analytical thinking and should not require any research or additional reading (though you are welcome to do so if you like). The topics will be provided in class. The first short paper is due at 5 p.m. on Friday, October 7; the second at 5 p.m. on Friday, November 11. Late papers will lose one letter grade for each day late.
  • Final Paper (30%): In lieu of a final exam, students will select a topic of their own choosing and write a term paper of 15-20 pages. This is a research paper and will require additional readings in both ancient and modern literature. All students must clear their topics with me before beginning work. I will not accept papers on topics that have not been approved. The long paper is due by 5 p.m. on Friday, December 16. No late papers will be accepted.


OTHER INFO

Surprise! Cheating is not allowed. If you cheat, and I find out, you will receive a grade of 0 for the assignment and be reported to the Office of the Deans. (See their policies on academic honesty.)

Office hours will be held whenever I am in my office. One can generally find me there at the following times:

M: 8:00-10:30 a.m.; 1:00-2:30 p.m.; 5:15-6:00 p.m.
Tu: 8:00 a.m.-noon; 12:30-2:30 p.m.; 4:15-6:00 p.m.
W: 8:00-10:30 a.m.
Th: 8:00 a.m.-noon; 12:30-2:30 p.m.; 4:15-6:00 p.m.
F: 8:00-10:30 a.m.

You are also welcome and encouraged to make an appointment to meet with me. Call, email or holler.


COURSE SCHEDULE

What follows is a sketch outline of the fall semester. Reading assignments are due on the dates specified. For a typical class you'll read an extensive chunk of Latin poetry and/or prose in the original language, as well as a bit more in translation. (This falls under the rubric of LITERATURE on the schedule; texts to be read in Latin are rendered in boldface.) You'll also usually read some secondary scholarship (in English) to supplement the ancient material. (This falls under the rubric of SCHOLARSHIP.)

Some of the reading assignments are pdf files. To view/download them, you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader (free download available here).

In class, we'll spend the first 1.5-2 hours plowing through the Latin, stopping to address difficult passages, uncommon constructions and student questions. After a break (there will be cookies) we'll address broader issues: the cultural, political, economic and social themes raised and/or addressed by the texts under consideration. At this point we'll also discuss the secondary readings and entertain student presentations.

Check this page often. Readings and assignments are subject to change. I'll try to give a heads-up in class if a major shake-up is imminent. I'll also try to have readings posted at least two weeks before the due date.


Part 1: The Julio-Claudian Emperors (31 B.C.-A.D. 68)

We begin, naturally enough, with the first cluster of Roman emperors: the Julio-Claudians. Our readings in this section of the course are drawn for the most part from Roman historians (Velleius Paterculus, Tacitus), but ancient inscriptions (Augustus' Res Gestae, a speech of Claudius preserved in CIL XIII 1668 ii) and satire (Seneca) will also figure prominently.


Week Wednesday
1

8/31 Augustus

LITERATURE: Wallace (2000): introduction (xi-xxii); Res Gestae Divi Augusti (all, plus appendix); Suetonius, Divus Augustus part 1 - part 2

SCHOLARSHIP: J. Elsner, "Inventing imperium: texs and the propaganda of monuments in Augustan Rome." Chapter 2 of Art and Text in Roman Culture, J. Elsner, ed. Cambridge UP, 1996. 32-53.

RECEIVE: syllabus, schedule, bibliography, etc.

SEE: emperor list - map of Rome, 51 B.C. - Roman provinces - Julio-Claudian stemma - Augustus (statue) - coin, 31 B.C. (obverse) - coin (reverse) - Temple of Augustus and Roma, Ankara (Turkey) - Monumentum Ancyranum - Res gestae (Greek translation from Ankara) - Monumentum Antiochenum (fragments) - mausoleum of Augustus (drawing) - mausoleum (photo) - mausoleum (aerial) - mausoleum (map for context)

2

9/7 Tiberius

LITERATURE: Woodman (1977): introduction (pp28-56); Velleius Paterculus II 94-109; 110-131 in English; Tacitus, Annals I - II - III (skim)

SCHOLARSHIP: R. Syme, "Mendacity in Velleius." AJPh 99 (1978): 45-63.

SEE: Tiberius (statue) - Tiberius (bust) - Tiberian denarius, Lugdunum - Villa of Tiberius, Capri - Armenia (ca A.D. 150) - Pannonia - Germania - Thrace - Dalmatia - battle of Teutoburg forest, Germany - Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, bust - Varus, coin - Lucius Aelius Sejanus, as - Tacitus

3

9/14 Gaius, Claudius

LITERATURE: Suetonius, Gaius; Benario (1983): introduction (pp1-14); Tacitus, Annals XI.13-25; contrast XI.23.1-XI.25.1 with the inscription containing Claudius' speech on the admission of the Gauls to the Senate (Appendix II [pp223-225]); rest of Annals XI

SCHOLARSHIP: K. Wellesley, "Can You Trust Tacitus?" G&R 1 (2nd ser., 1954): 13-33.

SEE: Gaius (bust) - sestertius (37-38 A.D.) - Claudius, statue - bust - sestertius - Messallina - Agrippina (the younger, Claudius' wife), bust - statue - coin (with Claudius on obverse) - Quintus Curtius Rufus' History of Alexander the Great (m.s. page)

4

9/21 Claudius

LITERATURE: Tacitus, Annals XII.1-9; 22-26; 41-43; 64-69; remainder of Annals XII; Suetonius, Claudius

SCHOLARSHIP: S. Wood, Memoriae Agrippinae: Agrippina the Elder in Julio-Claudian Art and Propaganda." AJA 92 (1988): 409-426.

SEE: Seneca - Parthia - pomerium - Roman Britain - Nero as a boy, statue - Messallina with infant Britannicus, statue - Britannicus, coin - Octavia, bust - Octavia and Nero, coin

5

9/28 Claudius, Nero

LITERATURE: Eden (1984): introduction (pp1-23); Seneca, Apocolocyntosis; Suetonius, Nero

SCHOLARSHIP: A.N. Athanassakis, "Some Evidence in Defence of the Title Apocolocyntosis for Seneca's Satire." TAPA 104 (1974): 11-22; R. Kilpatrick, "Apocolocyntosis and the Vision of Claudius." CJ 74 (1979): 193-196; D. Hoyos, "Gourd god! The meaning of Apocolocyntosis." LCM 16 (1991): 68-70.

SEE: coin: Caligula (obverse), Agrippina, Drusilla and Julia (reverse) - Mercury - Fates - Apollo - Jupiter - Herakles - Janus, coin - Herakles and Kerberos - Nero, statue - coin, Nero and Roma - coin, Nero and Agrippina


Part 2: Flavians and Antonines (A.D. 69-192)

In the second half of the course, we'll examine the period in which the Roman Empire reached its greatest geographical extent: the second century A.D. The literature describing the emperors of this period, the Flavians (A.D. 69-96) and Antonines (A.D. 96-192), is rich and varied. To obtain a well-rounded picture of the age we will read biography (Suetonius), history (the Historia Augusta), personal correspondence (Pliny, Fronto), epigrams (Martial) and occasional poetry (Statius' Silvae).


Week Wednesday
6

10/5 Galba, Otho, Vitellius

LITERATURE: Tacitus, Histories I; II.1-50 (skim both); Shotter (1993): introduction (pp1-39); Suetonius, Galba; Otho (translation in Shotter)

SCHOLARSHIP: D.T. Benediktson, "Structure and Fate in Suetonius' Life of Galba." CJ 92 (1996-1997): 167-172; C.L. Murison, Galba, Otho and Vitellius: Careers and Controversies. Spudasmata 52. Zürich and New York: Georg Olms, 1993. (Chapter 5: "Galba's Heir" [pp62-74]; chapter 9, "The Death of Otho" [pp131-142].)

SEE: Galba, bust - Galba, as - Hispania Tarraconensis - Otho, bust - Otho, denarius - Vitellius, bust - Vitellius, denarius

***Short Paper #1 due at 5 p.m. Friday, October 7***

7 10/12 October Break
8

10/19 Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus

LITERATURE: Suetonius, Vitellius; Tacitus, Histories II.51-101 (see week 6 for pdf); III (skim both); Martial, On the Spectacles 1, 2, 3, 23, 25, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34; rest in English (Loeb edition for both English and Latin)

SCHOLARSHIP: K.M. Coleman, "Launching into History: Aquatic Displays in the Early Empire." JRS 83 (1993): 48-74.

SEE: Vespasian, bust - Vespasian, denarius - Martial - Titus, statue - denarius - Arch of Titus - Colosseum (Flavian amphitheater) - Colosseum, substructure - Colosseum, seating chart - condemned criminal mosaic, El Jem (Tunisia) museum, 3rd cent. A.D. - Jean-Leon Gerome Pollice Verso 1872 - man killed by leopard, Zliten mosaic, Libya - Murmillo and Thracian Gladiators from Zliten mosaic, Libya - Smirat Venatio mosaic, North Africa, 3rd cent. A.D., Sousse museum - baths of Titus - baths, plan - Domus Aurea of Nero, plan - house ruins - interior wall detail

9

10/26 Domitian, Nerva

LITERATURE: Suetonius, Domitian; Statius, Silvae 1.1 (Loeb edition); Coleman (1988): introduction (xv-xxxiv); 4.1, 4.2 (see Coleman pdf); Martial, Epigrams 2.2, 2.91, 2.92 (Williams' edition), 4.30 (Watsons' edition), 5.1, 5.2, 5.19, 5.65 (Howell's edition), 7.1, 7.5, 7.6, 7.8, 7.61, 7.99 (Vioque's edition), 8 (preface), 8.8, 8.24, 8.49, 8.70 (Loeb edition) 9.5, 9.7, 9.18, 9.26 (Henriksen's edition), 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.7 (Kay's edition), 12.5, 12.15 (Loeb edition)

SCHOLARSHIP: A.L. Spisak, "Martial on Domitian: A Socio-Anthropological Perspective." CB 75 (1999): 69-83.

SEE: Domitian, bust - statue - denarius - equestrian statue, bronze - coin - Domitian's palace, plan - view from Circus Maximus - another view - "Basilica" in palace - first court and octagonal fountain - oval fountain court of banquet hall 1 - oval fountain court of banquet hall 2 - apse of banquet hall - third court - third court, from SW - stadium 1 - stadium 2 - baths, Baiae - triumph route - triumph scene - Nerva, bust - (modern) equestrian statue, Gloucester, England - denarius - scene of the Saturnalia

10

11/2 Trajan

LITERATURE: Williams (1990): introduction (pp1-18) and Epistulae X.15-64 (pp22-53)

SCHOLARSHIP: A.N. Sherwin-White, "Pliny, the Man and His Letters." G&R 16 (2nd ser., 1969): 76-90.

SEE: Trajan, statue - bust - denarius - column, full view - column, closeup - column, detail - markets of Trajan - map, empire under Trajan - Pliny, Renaissance statue - Bithynia - Bithynia, map with cities - Ephesus, plan - amphitheater - library - ad for whorehouse - Pergamum, theater - acropolis - acropolis, plan - Nicaea, ruins - more ruins - Claudiopolis , ruins - Apamea, main street - agora

11

11/9 Trajan

LITERATURE: Williams (1990): Epistulae X.65-121 (pp53-85); Panegyricus part 1; part 2 (skim both)

SCHOLARSHIP: J.E.A. Crake, "Early Christians and Roman Law." Phoenix 19 (1965): 61-70; G.J. Johnson, "De conspiratione delatorum: Pliny and the Christians Revisited." Latomus 47 (1988): 417-422.

SEE: Roman aqueduct, Byzantium (Istanbul) - Roman relief - Sinope, Roman ruins - Roman bridge

***Short Paper #2 due at 5 p.m. Friday, November 11***

12

11/16 Hadrian

LITERATURE: Benario (1980): introduction (pp1-14) and Vita Hadriani 1-14.7 (pp17-29)

SCHOLARSHIP: A. Momigliano, "An Unsolved Problem of Historical Forgery: The Scriptores Historiae Augustae." JWI 17 (1954): 22-46.

SEE: Hadrian, bust - another bust - statue, Athenian Agora - denarius from Egypt (modern fake?) - Vibia Sabina (?), bust - another bust - coin - Plotina, coin - Temple of Venus and Rome (Rome), cult apse - Pantheon (Rome), front - Pantheon, interior - interior 2 - interior, upper ring - interior, dome - Hadrian's wall (Britain), map - map, detail - Wall, 1 - Wall, 2 - Temple of Hadrian (Ephesus), facade - triumph relief, adoption of Antonine heirs by Hadrian - apotheosis of Hadrian - Hadrian's Baths, Aphroditopolis: fountain - column capital - Antinous, coin - bust - statue - Greek papyrus from Antinoopolis, Egypt

13

11/23 Thanksgiving Break: no class

14

11/30 Hadrian

LITERATURE: Benario (1980): Vita Hadriani 14.8-27 (pp29-42)

SCHOLARSHIP: J. Bollansée, "P.Fay. 19, Hadrian's Memoirs, and Imperial Epistolary Autobiography." AncSoc 25 (1994): 279-302.

SEE: theater from Hadrianopolis (Albania) - Hadrian's villa, Tivoli (Italy): plan - guest quarters - baths - hall of Doric piers - triple exedra complex - circular euripus 1 - 2 - piazza d'oro, apse - canopus, colonnade - canopus, Serapeum - canopus, crocodile - dogs - wild boar - Hadrian's tomb (Rome) - Antoninus Pius, bust - statue - denarius - Faustina, bust - denarius - P.Fay. 19

15

12/7 Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius

LITERATURE: Historia Augusta: Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius (skim both); Fronto, Epistulae (Teubner edition, pdf #1): chronology of corpus, pp292-294; p. 43, 10; pp53-54, 1; pp5-9, 4, 5; pp24-25, 4; pp30-31, 11; p. 32, 13; p. 34, 16; pp60-63, 4, 5, 6; pp72-73, 23; pp164-65, 5, 6; with commentary of P.J. Van Den Hout (pdf #1)

SCHOLARSHIP: E. Champlin, Fronto and Antonine Rome. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1980. (Chapters 3, "Literary Society at Rome" [pp29-44], and 4, "The Man of Letters" [pp45-59].)

SEE: Temple of Antoninus Pius, Rome - Column of Antoninus Pius, base: apotheosis of Antoninus and Faustina - column, detail: military review - young Marcus Aurelius, bust - denarius, Marcus as Caesar - adult, bust - equestrian statue (Rome) - coin, Marcus and equestrian statue - coin, Marcus and Faustina (the younger, his wife) - Lucilla (Marcus' daughter), bust - Lucius Verus, bust - coin - statue

16

12/14 Marcus Aurelius, Commodus

LITERATURE: Fronto, Epistulae (Teubner edition, pdf #2): p. 79, 51; pp166-167, 8; pp80-81, 55, 56; p. 82, 59, 60; pp114-116, 11, 12; p. 86, 1; pp91-92, 3, 4; p. 104, 8, 9; pp113-114, 8, 9; with commentary of P.J. Van Den Hout (pdf #2); Marcus Aurelius, Meditations (skim); Historia Augusta: Commodus

SCHOLARSHIP: E. Champlin, Fronto and Antonine Rome. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1980. (Chapters 7, "The Friend of Caesar " [pp94-117], and 8, "The Teacher of Emperors " [pp118-130].)

SEE: Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome - detail: rain god - detail: decapitation - detail: pontoon bridge - Commodus, statue (as Hercules) - portrait medal (Italy, ca 1520) - taunting Russel Crowe

***Long Paper due at 5 p.m. Friday, December 16***

U of A | Classics | Bauschatz