Latin 014: Medieval Latin

*Note: This is an old document. Most of the links are broken.*
Instructor:

John Bauschatz
Time/Location: M/W/F, 11:30-12:20; Trotter 115
Contact Info:

Office: Trotter 104
Phone: (610) 957-6168 (office); (610) 328-0424 (home)
email: jbausch1@email.arizona.edu

OVERVIEW

"Medieval" Latin was the form of the language written after the end of the Roman Empire and until the Italian Renaissance. In this course we survey readings from the principal types of medieval Latin literature, including religious and secular poetry, history and chronicles, saints' lives, satire, philosophy, and romances. The diversity one sees in the literature of this period of great political and social changes is astounding, but the thread of Christianity that runs throughout unifies the material.

PREREQUISITES

Latin 014 is normally taken after Latin 011 or the equivalent. If you're concerned about placement in the course, please let me know.

READINGS

The course text is Reading Medieval Latin, edited by Keith Sidwell (Cambridge UP, 1995). This will be available in the bookstore, but you may be able to find used copies for less elsewhere: amazon - Barnes & Noble - abe Books.

Sidwell includes some discussion of Medieval Latin grammar, as well as a vocabulary, but nevertheless it might be useful to have both a Latin grammar and a good Latin/English dictionary. For the former, I would advise that you purchase Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (Focus Publishing, 2001) or Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar (Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997 [reprint edition]). For the latter, I would suggest the Chambers-Murray Latin-English Dictionary (Chambers, 1994 [reissue]) or Cassell's Latin Dictionary (Cassell's, 1977). All of these texts are easy to find in local bookstores or online.

GRADING

Grading for the course will be based on the following breakdown:

  • Attendance/Participation (30%): How often you come to class and how enthusiastically you participate in, and occasionally lead, class discussions. I will not take attendance, but will keep an eye out for regular absences and reserve the right to arbitrarily deduct points from those who choose to cut.

  • Quizzes (15%): Quizzes (generally no more than 5 minutes in length) will occur 1-2 times per week. These will cover grammar and syntax from recent readings and review materials. It is a safe bet that most sessions will begin with a quiz.
  • Hour Exams (15% each, 30% total): There will be two class-length exams in this course. The first will occur on Friday, February 10; the second on Friday, March 17. Each exam will cover all material read and discussed in the course over a specific period of time and will consist of translation and commentary on grammar, syntax and style. Do not miss the exams.

  • Final Exam (25%): The final exam will take place on Thursday, May 4 from 9 a.m. - 12 noon. Do not miss it.

OTHER INFO

Surprise! Cheating is not allowed. If you cheat, and I find out, you will receive a grade of 0 for the assignment and be reported to the Office of the Deans. (See their policies on academic dishonesty.)

Office hours will be held whenever I am in my office. One can generally find me there between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m., M-F. (A more detailed breakdown of when I will be available is posted outside my office door.) You are also welcome and encouraged to make an appointment to meet with me. Call, email or holler.

COURSE SCHEDULE

What follows is a sketch outline of the spring semester. Nightly reading assignments are due on the dates specified. On most nights, you'll read a selection of Medieval Latin poetry and/or prose with commentary and supplementary translation(s) in English. Texts to be read in Latin are in boldface.

Some of the reading assignments are pdf files. To view/download them, you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader (free download available here).

Check this page often. Readings and assignments are subject to change. I'll try to give a heads-up in class if a major shake-up is imminent. I'll also try to have readings posted at least a week before the due date.

Part 1: The Foundations of Christian Latin

In the first segment of the course we'll examine the basic texts most familiar to those living, writing and reading in the medieval period. We will read selections from monastic rules which provide guidelines for education and church operation; well-known segments of the Bible; important passages from the early Church Fathers; and examples of new genres of Christian writing derived from earlier styles of pagan literature.
Week Monday Wednesday Friday
1

1/16 Introductions

READ: Start Rule of St. Benedict 38 (in class)

RECEIVE: handouts: syllabus, schedule, bibliography, etc.

**For those without textbooks yet: pdfs of Sidwell Intro - Part 1 - Grammar/ Orthography/Vocabulary**

SEE: Botticelli, A Young Man being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts - Trivium: Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic - Quadrivium: Music, Geometry, Arithmetic, Philosophy / Astronomy (between Agriculture and Architecture) - oblates

1/18 Education

READ: Introduction, pp1-3; Part One Introduction, pp5-6; Education, pp7-10; 1. Rules of St. Benedict and St. Isidore, pp11-13

SKIM: Grammar, pp362-372; Orthography, pp373-375; Note on Vocabulary, pp376-377

SEE: monks - Pachomius - Saint Benedict - Pope Gregory the Great - Isidore - Vespers

1/20 Education

READ: 2. Cassiodorus, Institutiones (i), pp13-14

SEE: Cassiodorus - Theodoric - codex
2

1/23 Liturgy and Divine Office

READ: Liturgy and Divine Office, pp18-19; 1. St Benedict, pp19-21 (i, ii.1-4)

SEE: breviarium 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - Kyrie eleison 1 - 2

1/25 Liturgy and Divine Office

READ: 2. Psalm 22, p. 22; 3. St. Ambrose, pp22-24

SEE: Ambrose - Milan - Cherubim - Ephraim -

1/27 Liturgy and Divine Office

READ: 4. Egeria, pp24-28

SEE: Aquitaine - Galicia - ancient Jerusalem - rolling-stone tomb, Tomb of Christ-style - Golgotha
3

1/30 The Bible

READ: 2. Canticum Canticorum (The Song of Songs) 1.1-16, pp36-37; 3. Luke 23, pp38-41 (lines 1-10)

SEE: Song of Songs - Solomon - En-Gedi - Pilate (washing hands) - Judea - Galilee - Herod Antipas - Simon of Cyrene - Calvary - the good thief

2/1 The Bible

READ: 3. Luke 23, pp38-41 (lines 11-25); 4. 1 Corinthians 13, pp41-42 (lines 1-5, more if possible)

SEE: Joseph

2/3 The Church Fathers

READ: The Church Fathers, pp43-45; 1. St. Augustine of Hippo i-ii, pp45-48 (Confessions only)

SEE: Church Fathers: Jerome, Augustine, Gregory, Ambrose (from left) - St. Hilary of Poitiers - Pope Leo the Great - St. Basil - Thagaste - Carthage - City of God - Plotinus - Alypius - St. Antony, tempted

4

2/6 The Church Fathers

READ: 2. St. Jerome i-ii; iii (lines 1-4), pp51-53

SEE: Syria - Liguri - Alps

2/8 The New Christian Genres

READ: The new Christian genres, pp57-58; 1. Caesarius of Arles, pp58-59 (no Latin); 2. Prudentius, pp63-65

SEE: ivory buckle, tomb of Caesarius - monastery, Lérins - Arles - Prudentius MS - Psychomachia - Luxury - Sobriety - Virtues

2/10 Hour Exam #1 (on Part 1)

Part 2: Early Medieval Latin

In the second segment of the course, we'll trace the spread of Latin throughout much of Europe in the fifth through tenth centuries, along with the proliferation of monasteries and schools. We will give special focus to the Carolingian and Ottonian Renaissances at the end of this period.

Week Monday Wednesday Friday
5

2/13 Hiberno-Latin

READ: Part Two Introduction, pp67-69; Hiberno-Latin, pp70-73; 1. St. Columba, A-H, pp73-76 (as much as possible)

SEE: St. Patrick - St. Columcille/Columba - Lucifer - the serpent - Cocytus - Charybdis - Scylla

2/15 Hiberno-Latin

READ: 2. St. Columbanus, p. 86 (no Latin); 3. St. Adomnan (i), pp88-90

SEE: St. Columbanus, crypt - Leinster - Bangor - Chalon-sur-Salône - St. Martin (and beggar) - St. Damasus - Iona abbey - Donegal (NW Ireland) - Northumbria - Loch Ness - monster

2/17 Anglo-Latin

READ: Anglo-Latin, pp93-96; 1. Aldhelm, a (iii) pp98-100; b (i-iii) pp100-101

SEE: Malmesbury abbey - Sherborne cathedral - St. Ninian - Whithorn priory - Dumfries and Galloway
6

2/20 Anglo-Latin

READ: 2. Bede (a, i), pp101-104

SEE: Bede - Wearmouth and Jarrow, 1 - 2 - Ecclesiastical History - Gregory the Great - Ethelbert

2/22 Anglo-Latin

READ: 4. Hygeburg of Heidenheim, pp111-115 (lines 1-35; more if possible)

SEE: Heidenheim, downtown - Willibald - Cyprus - Epiphanius - crusader vs. Saracen (at left) - Antarados/ Tartus - St. Helena - John the Baptist's head - Medieval Spain

2/24 Continental Latin

READ: Continenal Latin, pp116-117; 3. St. Gregory of Tours (ii), pp119-122

SEE: Tours, cathedral - Apollinaris Sidonius (at right?) - Clermont - St. Clotilda - Jonah and the whale
7

2/27 Continental Latin

READ: 4. Venantius Fortunatus (a, i-ii), pp122-125

SEE: Venantius reading to Radegunda - Milan - Ravenna - Francia - Sigibert gets killed - Poitiers - St. Timothy (left) - St. Paul

3/1 The Carolingian Renaissance

READ: The Carolingian Renaissance, pp133-134; 1. Charlemagne's Capitulare episcoporum, pp134-136; 2. Alcuin of York (b), pp136-138

SEE: Charlemagne - Alcuin of York (left) - Aachen, cathedral - Huns

3/3 The Carolingian Renaissance

READ: 4. Einhard (b, lines 326-350), pp143-148

SEE: Einhard writing the Life of Charlemagne - Fulda, cathedral - Louis the Pious, coin - Seligenstadt, church - Bavaria - Prüm, monastery - Pope Leo III crowning Charlemagne emperor - Paderborn, castle - Spoleto
8 3/6 Spring Break 3/8 Spring Break 3/10 Spring Break
9

3/13 The Ottonian Renaissance

READ: The Ottonian Renaissance, pp151-152; 4. Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim (i-iii), pp160-165

SEE: Hrotsvitha (kneeling) - Gandersheim - Duke Liudolf of Saxony

3/15 The Ottonian Renaissance

READ: 4. Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim (iv-vi), pp165-169 (as much as possible)

3/17 Hour Exam #2 (on Part 2)

Part 3: From the End of the Ottonian Renaissance (1002) to the Concordat of Worms (1122)

In the third portion of the course, we'll examine the literature of the eleventh and early twelfth centuries in Medieval Europe, a period marked by the Norman expansion, conflict between the German emperor and the Papacy and the First Crusade. In addition, this roughly 100-year period saw cathedral schools playing an ever-increasing role in Latin education.

Week Monday Wednesday Friday
10

3/20 The Norman Conquest

READ: Part Three Introduction, pp173-174; The Norman Conquest, pp175-176; 1. William of Poitiers (i, lines 1-36), pp176-181

SEE: Normans (Bayeux Tapestry) - Saxons - William of Normandy (seated; Bayeux Tapestry) - Lisieux - Hastings - Pope Alexander II - Harold Godwinson killed (center; Bayeux Tapestry)

3/22 The Norman Conquest

READ: 2. Guy (Wido), bishop of Amiens (i; ii, lines 551-560), pp185-187

SEE: Amiens, cathedral - cathedral wall section - gargoyle

3/24 The "Investiture Contest"

READ: The 'investiture contest,' pp192-194; 1. Lampert of Hersfeld (i-ii), pp195-197

SEE: Bamberg, town hall - Henry IV - Henry and Pope Gregory VII - Augsburg - Countess Matilda, tomb - Canossa, castle
11

3/27 The "Investiture Contest"

READ: 4. Rhythmus de captivitate Paschalis papae (i; ii; iii, lines 49-72), pp204-207

SEE: Pope Paschal II - Henry V (kneeling) - St. Peter's, 1 - 2 - Claudius

3/29 The First Crusade

READ: The First Crusade, pp218-219; I The Council of Clermont, p. 219; 1. Baudri of Bourgueil, pp219-223 (as much as possible)

SEE: Bourgueil, abbey - Clermont, 1 - 2 - Pope Urban II at Clermont

3/31 The First Crusade

READ: II The Siege of Antioch, pp223-225; Raymond of Aguilers and the Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitarum, p. 226; 2. Raymond of Aguilers, pp226-228 (lines 1-20); 3. Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitarum, pp228-229 (lines 1-14)

SEE: seige of Antioch - Orontes - Le Puy, church - Raymond of St. Gilles, citadel - Godfrey of Bouillon - medieval knights and Turks (left), Rhodes

12

4/3 Philosophy and Theology

READ: Philosophy and Theology, pp230-231; 1. Berengar of Tours (ii), pp231-235

SEE: Chartres, cathedral, 1 - 2 - Angers, castle - Lanfranc - Ambrose

4/5 Philosophy and Theology

READ: 2. St. Anselm of Canterbury (i-iii), pp236-239

SEE: St. Anselm - Aosta - Come visit! - Caen, cathedral - Canterbury, cathedral - William Rufus, wounded by an arrow - Henry I - Eadmer

4/7 Poetry

READ: Poetry, pp243-244; 1. Carmina Cantabrigiensia (a), pp244-246; 2. Ruodlieb, pp248-250 (lines 1-15)

SEE: Verona - Clotho - Lachesis - Atropos - Thetis - Ruodlieb MS - Tegernsee

Part 4: The Twelfth-Century Renaissance

In the final segment of the course, we will survey Latin literary activity in the twelfth century, a period of relative stability and great growth in population, economic activity and new religious orders. As was the case under Charlemagne, literary patronage was of great importance for writers during this period, though now the phenomenon was much more widespread.

Week Monday Wednesday Friday
13

4/10 The Schools and the Scholastic Method

READ: Part Four Introduction, pp253-254; The schools and the scholastic method, p. 255; 1. John of Salisbury (i), pp256-258

SEE: John of Salisbury, Policraticus - Old Sarum, model - Theobald of Canterbury, seal - Henry II (left) and Thomas Becket (center) - Pope Hadrian IV, papal bull - Louis VII, en route to 2nd crusade - Robert of Melun

4/12 The Schools and the Scholastic Method

READ: 2. Peter Abelard (i), pp259-261

SEE: Peter Abelard and Heloise - Loches - Brittany - Laon, cathedral - Notre Dame, Paris - abbey, St. Denis - abbey, Quincy

4/14 The Religious Life

READ: The religious life, p. 268; 3. Peter Abelard (i-ii, as much as possible), pp278-280

SEE: Historia Calamitatum
14

4/17 The Religious Life

READ: 4. Heloise (ii), pp283-285; 5. Hildegard of Bingen (a, i), pp285-287

SEE: Troyes, cathedral - Hildegard of Bingen and Volmar - Richardis von Stade (right) - St. Disibod - Scivias - Heinrich of Mainz, world map, top - map, bottom - Pope Eugenius III (right) - Trier, cathedral - Rupertsberg, monastery - Liber divinorum operum 1 - 2

4/19 Theology and Philosophy

READ: Theology and Philosophy, p. 296; 2. St. Bernard of Clairvaux (i; ii, lines 1-8), pp299-302

SEE: Bernard of Clairvaux - Anselm, chapel at Canterbury

4/21 Theology and Philosophy

READ: 4. Alan of Lille (i; ii, lines 166-183), pp305-308

SEE: Montpellier, cathedral - Cathars - Cîteaux, abbey - Claudian MS - Old Age - Martianus Capella, De nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae
15

4/24 Historical Writing

READ: Historical writing, p. 310; I The murder of Thomas Beckett, 29 December 1170, pp310-313; 1. William FitzStephen (iv, v), pp316-318

SEE: Thomas Becket - Henry II (right) and Becket - Pope Alexander III receives an ambassador - William FitzStephen, MS - Hugh de Morville's Pendragon castle - St. Dunstan (prostrate) - St. Denis, life (MS)

4/26 Court Literature

READ: Court literature, p. 332; 2. Carmina Burana, pp336-340

SEE: Carmina burana, 1 - 2 - Benediktbeuern - Walter of Châtillon, MS

4/28 Court Literature

READ: 4. The Archpoet (lines 1-51), pp347-352

SEE: Rainald von Dassel - Frederick Barbarossa - Orestes (with Pylades, left) - Clytemnestra killing Cassandra - the "Agamemnon Mask"
16 5/1 reading period (no class) 5/3 reading period (no class) 5/4 (Thursday) Final Exam, 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon, Trotter 115

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