Range
Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern
Mexico, to the southwest corner of New Mexico below 5,800 feet.
The brightly banded Western Coral Snake, a relative of the Indian Cobra, injects a venom twice as powerful as the rattlesnake. But because of its size, anatomy and habits, there are no known deaths in the Desert Southwest attributed its bite.
Habitat
Encountered in a number of habitats,
but is most frequent in rocky, upland desert regions where Saguaro Cactus
is prevalent.
Description
The small Western Coral Snake has
a correspondingly small head. Adults grow only 13 to 22 inches in length
with a girth about the size of a pencil. The Coral Snake is remarkable
for its wide red and black bands and narrow yellow and white rings completely
encircling its body.
A few other snakes mimic this coloration, most notably the Scarlet Kingsnake,but the Western Coral Snake is the only snake with red bands bordered by white or pale yellow.
Worldwide, there are about 65 species of coral snakes, all members of the of the cobra family (Elapidae). Micrurus is the large genus of coral snakes in the Americas. Micruroides is the genus to which U.S. (and northern Mexico) Coral snakes belong and is a genus unique to the northern forms.
Behavior
The Western Coral is nocturnal
in its habits and is most likely to be out and about after summer rains,
when few people are present. Coral snakes are very secretive, spending
most of their lives under rocks or buried in the soil.
Its bright coloration serves as a warning to predators, but if provoked, it will bury its head in the coils of its body and raise its tail to expose the underside. The coral snake then everts the lining of its cloaca, making a popping sound to startle enemies.
The neurotoxic effects of its potent venom cause rapid paralysis and respiratory failure among its favorite cold-blooded prey, snakes and lizards. It prefers tiny blind snakes throughout its range, but will eat shovel-nosed snakes, black-headed snakes and whiptail lizards.
Life Cycle
Females lay 2 or 3 eggs in the
late summer which take about 10 weeks of incubation before hatching. Upon
emerging, the young are 7 to 8 inches long.