Groups

 A group can be defined as two or more interacting people that must have a common purpose and view themselves as a group. Groups usually refer to themselves as "we" or "us" and many times are formed based on common characteristics. Age, race, sex and similar interests can be potential group foundations. Usually groups will have a desired objective or goal such as domination or peaceful coexistence. Although each individual brings different interests and abilities to a group setting, the cohesiveness is founded on the basis of a shared and directed objective.

Throughout this text various types of groups and specific group dynamics will be examined, while providing additional links to other significant group information.

Types of Groups

•   Formal:

 Groups officially structured and recognized with organized rules for membership. These groups may have a temporary goal or a more permanent, ongoing objective with a constant cycling of its members.

• Informal      

An unofficial group that lacks specific structure, containing group members of similar status or hierarchal status. Often informal groups are socially based such as social cliques or gangs.

 Purpose of Groups

1. Plan and problem-solve
2. Gain experience
3. Communicate or persuade
4. Support                  

  Often within groups, there are mixed agendas which combine several of these functions in a group gathering.

 Group Roles

  Often group roles evolve out of expectations from other members within the group or may be specifically assigned to establish efficiency in completing tasks. These roles serve different purposes and may be clearly defined,  while precisely describing tasks and responsibilities to the members.

Effects of Groups

• Norms
• Group Cohesiveness

  Cohesiveness tends to be viewed as a phenomenon which involves extremely high motives functioning to keep a group together.  Groups with high cohesiveness thoroughly and strictly enforce their norms, an accepted set of unwritten rules established in a group . The behavior of other individuals can significantly affect other people in the environment,  producing intense cohesion or attachment within the group.

Potential Negative Effects of Groups

• Conflict

Conflict consists of two components:

1. Exchange

2. Power

Group Think (extreme cohesiveness)

  A decision-making process that occurs when groups of people get together and make a decision that an individual would probably never make. Group members know these decisions are poor yet still adhere and conform to suggestive behavior. This social pressure is often influenced by a strong leader, promoting highly cohesive situations which seem to dominate logical patterns of thinking. Groups that have developed as a product of extreme group cohesiveness and group think are often considered cults. Most have an illogical or radical objective which will be upheld by a psychologically disturbed leader advocating members to live or act under harsh and specific standards. (Heavens Gate)

Leadership 

• The ability of an individual within a group to exert significant influence over the attitudes and behaviors of other individuals or group members. (Leadership)

For additional information on other important group concepts:

Conformity
Conflict 
Norms

For info about the authors of this page: Jeremy, Courtney, and Kate