Empire as political entity
Imperium
Vs. Empire as chronological period
Imperator (Emperor)
Princeps, Principate
Dominus, Dominate
Two Revolutions
"Roman", Christian
Republic corporate to Monarchy
Julius Caesar, Octavian/Augustus
Res Novae?
Republic
Monarchy = Res Privata
Romulus, 753 B.C.E.
Res Publica
SPQR (Senatus Populusque Romanus)
Senate & Cursus honorum (pathway of honors)
Annual magistracies, collegial
Quaestor, treasury
Tribune of the plebs
Plebeian "voice of the people", veto
Gracchi (130s, 120s BCE)
Aedile, utilities
Praetor, Courts
Consul
Military
Senate
Execution
People and Popular Assemblies
Comitia Centuriata
Comitia Tributa (plebeian)
Fall of Republic
Sallust
Money and ambition
Distribution of power
Gracchi
Equestrians, Italians
Political violence
Marius and Sulla
Army
loyal to imperator
Political violence
Sulla as dictator
Martial law
Proscription lists
Gn. Pompeius Strabo Magnus
Extraordinary commands
M. Licinius Crassus
Wealth
G. Julius Caesar
"First Triumvirate"
Consulship of 59 BCE
Commands
Pompey, Spain in absentia
Crassus, Syria
Caesar, Gaul
Violence in the streets: 50s BCE
Clodius and his thugs
Pompey as sole consul, 52
Caesar's intentions?
January 7, 49
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
Emergency
Martial law
January 10
"the die is cast"
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