I. Axis II developmental disorders
A. Mental Retardation
1. Criteria (all necessary)
a. Significant subaverage intellectual functioning (IQ<70)
b. Impairments in adaptive functioning
c. Onset prior to age 18
2. Four levels of impairment
3. Etiology--two groups of causes
a. Sociocultural deprivation
b. Physical
II. Axis I disorders that are like Developmental Disorders
A. Pervasive developmental disorders: autistic disorder
1. DSM-IV requires at least 6 symptoms, with at least two from each the first set and at least one from the next set:
a. Qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interactions
b. Qualitative impairment in communication and imaginative activity
c. Markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interests
B. Two autistic-like disorders that are rarer than autism:
1. Childhood Disintegrative disorder
2. Asperger's disorder
C. Learning Disorders
III. Axis I disorders that have always been Axis I disorders!
A. Disruptive Behavior Disorders
1. ADHD
a. Diagnosis
(1) Inattention
(2) Hyperactivity
2. Conduct Disorder
a. Diagnosis
(1) "Persistent pattern of conduct in which the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate norms and rules are violated"
(2) At least 3 symptoms in the past 12 monthsfrom among 15 symptoms
3. Oppositional defiant disorder: recurrent pattern of defiant, negativistic, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures
B. Pica: the consumption of non-nutritive substances
C. Tourette's disorder
1. Symptoms
a. Motor tics
b. Vocal tics
D. Elimination disorders: Enuresis and Encopresis
E. Separation anxiety
1. Diagnosis
a. Onset prior to age 18
b. Duration 4+ weeks
c. Symptoms of anxiety that are excessive for child's developmental age
F. Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia Nervosa
a. Diagnosis; Must meet four criteria
(1) Refusal to maintain weight above a minimal normal weight
(2) Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
(3) Disturbances in body image (Massive distortions in perception)
(4) In females, amenorrhea
b. Associated features
c. Subtypes: Restricting type versus Binge-eating/Purging type
2. Bulimia
a. Recurrent binging
b. Compensatory behavior
c. Binges and compensatory behaviors occur on average at least twice per week for at least 3 months
d. Self-evaluation unduly influenced by body weight and shape
e. Subtypes: Purging type, nonpurging type