I. Assessment vs classification
II. Purposes of classification
A. Homogeneous group
B. Facilitate communication
C. Plan treatment
III. Evaluation of assessment procedures & classification systems
A. Reliability: extent to which a method of assessment (or classification) yields consistent scores
1. Interjudge
2. Internal reliability
3. Test-retest
B. Validity of classification procedures
1. Etiology
2. Treatment
3. Prognosis
IV. History of classification systems
A. Kraepelin
B. ICD
C. DSM
D. Impetus behind DSM
1. Psychiatric diagnosis found to be unreliable
a. Beck (1962)
b. Ward et al. (1962) identified 3 factors responsible for unreliability:
(1) inconsistencies in info presented by patients: 5%
(2) inconsistencies in way info was collected: 32.5%
(3) inadequate diagnostic criteria: 62.5%
2. Rates of diagnosis varied widely between countries
V. DSM-IV has multi-axial system
A. Axis I -- Basic clinical syndrome
B. Axis II -- Personality Disorders or traits; Developmental Disorders
C. Axis III -- Relevant physical disorders
D. Axis IV -- Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
1. Problems with primary support group
2. Problems related to social environment
3. Educational problems
4. Occupational problems
5. Housing problems
6. Economic Problems
7. Problems with access to Health care services
8. Problems related to interaction with the legal system/crime
9. Other psychosocial and environmental problems
E. Axis V -- Rating of adaptive functioning in last year (0-100)